Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal herb used extensively for various ailments and contains therapeutically active phytoconstituent, andrographolide (AN). Although hepatoprotective activity of AN is established, but their bioavailability is restricted due to its rapid clearance. The aim of this study, therefore, was to formulate AN herbosomes (ANH) through complexation with naturally occurring soya-phosphatidylcholine (SPC), in order to enhance absorption. Prepared andrographolide-soy phosphatidylcholine (AN-SPC) complex prepared was subjected for characterisation of complex and formation of vesicular system known as ANH using rotary evaporation techniques. This complex was subjected to in vitro study using everted small intestine sac technique which showed significantly increased absorption of AN from the ANH as compared to the plain AN. The hepatoprotective potential of ANH and plain AN was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride inducing hepatotoxicity rat model and compared, in which ANH equivalent to 50 mg/kg of plain AN significantly restore serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (112.4 ± 9.67 for AN whereas 90.2 ± 4.23 for ANH) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (109.3 ± 7.89 for AN whereas 90.6 ± 4.34 for ANH) level as compared to control group. The ANH showed significantly better absorption than plain AN and this effect of ANH was also comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). The findings of present study reveal that ANH has better bioavailability as shown by in vitro absorption study and hence improved hepatoprotection as compared to plain AN at equivalent dose.

This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Euphorbia hirta Linn. and its polyherbal formulation with Tridax procumbens and Eclipta alba. The in vivo wound healing activity was assessed in albino rats by using three wound models i.e. excision wound, incision wound and dead space wound models. Level of biochemical markers and histological changes were monitored to evaluate the enhancement of wound healing. The results showed that ethanolic extract ointment possesses a definite prohealing action. This was demonstrated by a significant increase in the rate of wound contraction and by enhanced epithelization. Significant increase in tensile strength, hydroxyproline content and collagen levels were observed, which was further supported by histopathological studies and gain in granuloma breaking strength.

Plant products play a crucial role in the hepatoprotection through its antioxidants property. Therefore, search for modern medicine of plant origin with this property has become a central focus on hepatoprotection today. This study investigated to search a new hepatoprotective agent from natural sources, the methanol extract of nutitional plant, Daucus carota leaves was tested against liver damage of albino rats. Levels of serum marker enzymes i.e. SGOT, SGPT (aminotransferases), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and TB (total bilirubin) in serum respectively. The histopathological changes of liver sections were also compared with the respective controls. 30% paracetamol induced significant (P<0.05) increase in liver enzymes alongwith the hepatic necrosis and other visible disarrangements in hepatic tissues. Simultaneously, oral treatment with kaempferol (KF) isolated from D. carota plant reversed to all the serum and liver parameters, dose-dependently, in 30% paracetamol treated rats. The biochemical results were also compared with the standard drug i.e. silymarin. These findings indicate the hepatoprotective potential of D. carota fruit against liver damage might be due to the presence of flavonoid like KF constituents.

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (P. pinnata, Fabaceae) popularly known as Karanj or Karanja in Hindi, and Indian beech in English, is a medium-sized glabrous tree. Traditionally, different parts of P. pinnata such as bark, leaves, seeds, roots, flowers and stem have been utilized in the native medicine systems of different civilizations. Kalonche pinnata (K. pinnata, Crassulaceae) known as Patharchata in hindi, is a succulent plant.  It has many pharmacological uses like a suitable treatment in sleep problems in cancer patients. Also called as wonder of life K.  pinnata is used to treat diabetic foot infections. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of K. pinnata and seed of P. pinnata for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of hydroalcoholic extract of K. pinnata was (0.952 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.640mg/100mg) respectively. The total flavonoids content of hydroalcoholic extract of P. pinnata was (1.398mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. pinnata and P. pinnata is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, Kalonche pinnata, Phytochemical, Folins ciocalteau reagent