We model RTL faults as stuck-at faults on primary inputs, primary outputs, and flip-flops. Tests for these faults are analyzed using Hadamard matrices for Walsh functions and random noise level at each primary input. This information then helps generate vector sequences. At the gate-level, a fault simulator and an integer linear program (ILP) compact the test sequences. We give results for four ITC'99 and four ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits, and an experimental processor. The RTL spectral vectors performed equally well on multiple gate-level implementations. Compared to a gatelevel ATPG, RTL vectors produced similar or higher coverage in shorter CPU times.

The amount of sugarcane bagasse in Indonesia is abundant while the utilization is still limited. One of the alternatives f i r bagasse utilization is as pulp material. To minimize the waste from the pulping process, the effect of using a chemical process (with nitric acid) and a biopulping process (using Fusarium solani) were studied and measured by the percentage of a-cellulose content in bagasse pulp. In the chemical process, the nitric acid concentration and the reaction time were varied. llre pulping process was conducted at constant temperature of 102°C and the mixture was agitated at 900 rpm. The highest percentage of a-cellulose content in pulp was 79.28%, obtained at the concentration of 3.5% for a reaction time of 3.5 hours. At higher concentrations and longer cooking times, the a-cellulose decreased due to the cellulose degradation. In the biopulping process, the incubation temperature was kept at 30°C. The highestpercentage of a-cellulose was 65.80% obtained at an incubation time of 25 days. When compared to nitric acid pulping, biopulping is less eflcient. However it has one advantage that it only uses a small amount of chemicals and, therefore, creates less pollutants.

River sand is sand that is sourced from excavations or mining in rivers. Steep rivers have a fast flow, so that the sediment from the rock particles will vary quite a lot at a certain distance, usually there are not many fine grains and the rocks are quite clean (Qomaruddin, 2018). Brantas sand is sand that is usually used as a mixture. Sand taken from rivers with large water discharges will have a low content of mud and organic matter.     This study aims to provide an overview of the aggregate (systematic research steps) so that the researchprocess can run in an orderly manner in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) applicableto testing.Keywords: Sand, Aggregate, Research Abstrak     Pasir sungai adalah pasir yang bersumber daripenggalian atau penambangan di sungai. Sungai – sungai yang terjal memiliki aliran yang deras, sehingga deposit dari partikel batu-batuannya akan bervariasi cukup besar pada suatu jarak tertentu, biasanya butir halusnya tidak banyak dan batuan – batuannya cukup bersih (Qomaruddin, 2018). Pasir brantas adalah pasir yang biasa digunakan sebagai campuran saja, Pasir yang diambil dari sungai dengan debit air besar akan memiliki kandungan lumpur dan bahan organik yang rendah.      Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai langkah – langkah penelitian sistematis supaya proses penelitian ini dapat berjalan dengan teratur sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) yang berlaku untuk pengujian agregat. Kata Kunci : Pasir, Agregat, Penelitian

No abstract