All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been described under the heading of 'Kushta', which are further divided into Maha Kushtaand Kshudra Kushta. Kushta is a chronic disease that has substantial psychological and social impact on a patient's life. However the treatment options available in contemporary system of medicine are not much satisfactory. Therefore by screening of Kushtaghna dravyas from Bhavprakash Nighantu can give effective solutions for Kushta Chikitsa. The literary screening concluded that there are about 98 dravya (Herbal and Metal) are recommended as Kushtaghna, but their specific action is not defined on the basis of their Rasapanchaka. A literary review of the rasa panchaka is done to assess their probable mode of action. Samprapti of Kushta shows tridosha dushti (Vata and Kapha pradhana) and dushya are twak, lasika, shonita and mamsa predominantly, so the line of the treatment should be ushna, tikshna, Vata Kapha Shamaka, Rakta Prasadana mainly. The present paper is about to enlist the Kushtaghna herbal and metal dravyas mentioned in Bhavprakash Nighantu with their Rasa, Veerya and Vipaka, Guna and karmas for critical analysis, to assess their specific type Kushtaghna property.

Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn.) is one such herb which is extensively used in the Indian systems of medicine. In Rigveda 190 medicinal plants were described, in that Apamarga is one of the plant. In Yajurveda this plant find its reference as having Rakshoghna property. Atharvaveda extensively quoted references regarding Apamarga. This plant removes the vitiated doshas from the body hence the name Apamarga. The properties attributed to this plant in Atharvaveda are Krimighna, Sahasravirya, Rakshoghna, Rasayana, Arshoghna, Kshudha, trishna, marana, vishaghna, Ashmarinashan and Ojovardhan. Charka samhita explained Apamarga under Krimighna varga. Keeping its immense qualities in mind screening of antimicrobial activity has been carried out on selected stains of organisms. Disc diffusion method has been adopted for antimicrobial activity. Study reveals significant result of trial drug when compared with the standard drug.

Abhava pratinidhi dravya excites the scientific curiosity concerning the Ayurvedic principles behind selection of the substitute drug. Present study had reported a comparative phytochemical study of one such Ayurvedic substitution pair: Solanum surattense Burm.f., a substitute for Clerodendrum serratum L. The study was conducted to understand the logic behind the Abhava pratinidhi dravya (Drug substitution). The strategy was to scrutinize and compare their Ayurvedic properties by literary studies and test the phytochemical profile of these two herbs for biochemical similiarties and differences. On analyzing their Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna properties), findings show that both the drugs possess katu and tikta rasa, but Bharangi is katu rasa dominant and Kantakari is tikta rasa dominant drug. Along with this, both drug possess laghu, ruksha and ushna guna in common. Kantakari which contain different properties i.e. sara and tikshna guna. Both drug possess katu vipaka and ushna veerya. Both drugs had been stated to treat majority of respiratory ailments. Phytochemical observations suggest that in Bharangi root extract alkaloids and tannins was present whereas Kantakari root extract was rich in flavonoids content. Saponins was present in maximum amount in both the plant extracts. Despite taxonomically unrelated and morphologically dissimiliar, Bharangi has been substituted by Kantakari drug. In Ayurveda, more importance was given to pharmacological properties of raw drug rather than its botanical classification. Further comparative pre-clinical studies and bio-equivalence clinical studies has been needed to explore the different pharmacological properties.

Imbalance in Agni(metabolic fire) is considered as the main causative factor for the many diseases.In the hypo functioning state of Jataragni(digestive fire) treatment is mainly based on the application of Deepana dravya(appetizers) which can correct the imbalance in jataragni(digestive fire).Bhavaprakasha nighantu is treatise of Medieval period which deals with the synonyms, properties and activity of the drugs.In this article an effort is made to highlight the Deepana dravya (appetizers) from Bhavaprakasha nighantu which can be effectively used in agnivikara(disorders of metabolic fire)

Nighantus  are described as Ayurvedic texts, in which various drugs have been described and mentioned on the basis of their identifying characters, properties, uses, actions and synonyms. Though we consider Bhavaprakasha Nighantu as a main source for Ayurvedic dravyas descriptions ( also called as ayurvedic materia medica) , various other Nighantus had also mentioned ayurvedic drugs in various context. Bharangi botanically identified as Clerodendrum Serratum ( Linn) Moon is a medicinal plant well known for its numerous medicinal properties. Bharangi has been mentioned with a number of synonyms depicting its identifying morphological characters and pharmacological actions. Description of the drug can be traced in various Nighantus, under different chapters. However, a single hand, comprehensive information regarding Bharangi, its synonyms, pharmacological actions properties is not available. Twenty 23 Nighantus available in the library and online source of E-nighantu has been scrutinized.  The present paper highlights the collective evidences of Bharangi from available 23 Nighantus. The study reveals that, about 80 synonyms were attributed to describe Bharangi botanically and pharmacologically. The leaves of the plant are called as kharapatra, and angarvalli, kasaghni, brahmanyashti, vatari, gadarbhashaka are the synonyms which are  identifying characteristics features for Bharangi. It is attributed with 40 chikitsa uupayogi ( useful in treatment ) properties like deepana, marutahara, shwasa, kasa, pinasa, gandamala etc. This review may enrich the documentary research of Bharangi and can be refer as detailed information regarding its usages in Ayurvedic Nighantus ( Lexicon).