Background: Dilatation and curettage (D and C) is one of commonest procedure in the gynaecology. There are still two schools of thoughts pertaining to whether to administer antibiotic as a pre and post procedure prophylaxis or not to administer and hence study planned to evaluate the incidence of infection in patients after dilation and curettage with and without prophylactic antibiotics.Methods: Adults (>18 years) (n=100) who underwent dilatation and curettage procedure for any indication were included and patients with prior history of infection were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups; group 1 (n=50) received prophylactic antibiotics and group 2 (n=50) received no prophylactic antibiotics as per the discretion of treating doctor.Results: Infection in both the groups was 2% and there is no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.349).Conclusions: Appropriate use of antibiotics can be a cost-effective strategy which can minimize the chances of development of antibiotic resistance and other side effects. Antibiotic are not necessary for pre and post procedure prophylaxis in D and C.

Background: Twin pregnancies occurs in 2 to 4% of the total number of births. Also the perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with it is five to six times higher in comparison with singleton pregnancy. In developing countries, 287,000 annual maternal deaths and 3 million neonatal deaths contributes to 99% of such mortality as per records of the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 99% of the world's annual occur in developing countries.Methods: This observational study included 50 women with twin pregnancy with gestational age of 26 weeks or more. Maternal and neonatal characteristics in twin deliveries at a tertiary care center were analyzed. High risk factors and it’s association with maternal and perinatal outcomes was analyzed.Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension (32%) was the commonest, Preterm rupture of membranes (PROM, 22%) was in the next order. Invitro fertilization (44%), malpresentation (26%) main indicators for lower segment cesarean section. Mean weight of first twin was 1.9±0.43 kg and for second twin it was 1.89±0.47kg (Table 1). Most of twins were diamniotic dichorionic (78%).Conclusions: Twin pregnancies are hazardous to both for the mother and the neonate. It is certainly high risk factor which needs early identifications of complications and timely management. Perinatal outcome largely depends on gestational age, birth weight, presentation, mode of delivery.

Background: Women have unique health concerns and are affected by health issues that are either more prevalent in women than in men or a disease that is common in men too but require a different treatment approach in women and this is where women’s health comes into play. Women are afflicted by some or the other reproductive morbidity at least once in their lifetime. These reproductive morbidities are broadly categorised into obstetric, gynaecological or contraceptive morbidity. Among these three categories of reproductive morbidities, gynaecological morbidities are relatively more frequent and account for a major proportion (43%-92%) of the disease burden in women. Methods: This study was a prospective, single-centre, controlled, observational study conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Bhaktivedanta hospital and research institute, Thane, India. The objective of this study was to study the magnitude and impact of a particular type of gynaecological problem in this region and to know the need of developing better preventive and therapeutic protocols including the start of specialised gynaecological clinics. Results: Among various reproductive health issues, there were three most frequently occurring issues reported which were menstrual disorder, abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain with a frequency of 29%, 24% and 19% respectively. Among the menstrual disorders commonly observed in women, the most common disorders were irregularity of menstrual cycles (39%) and menorrhagia (31%). Out of all the characteristics of vaginal discharge, changes in its colour constituted the highest percentage (51%) with white and yellow colour discharge being the most common (23% and 24% respectively). Conclusions: Menstrual irregularities and reproductive tract infections were the major gynaecological morbidities observed. This study identifies major gynaecological problems and highlights the need for dovetailing health care resources towards it.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or when it is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is found to adversely affect the maternal and perinatal outcomes. The extent of the risks associated with GDM and the prevalence rate of GDM depends on the diagnostic criteria used and ethnicity of the pregnant women. Hence in order to prevent the morbidities that could result due to GDM, it is crucial to diagnose and treat during the early stages. However, confusion pertaining to the detection and diagnosis of GDM still prevails due to applicability of various threshold guidelines for its diagnosis. Methods: The study was a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled study conducted in the year 2021 at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Bhaktivedanta Hospital and Research Institute, Thane, India. The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of IADPSG and DIPSI guidelines for screening and diagnosis of GDM at a tertiary care center. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of DIPSI and IADPSG were compared and their readings were evaluated. The results proved that DIPSI criteria was more sensitive as compared to IADPSG criteria. Conclusions: DIPSI is a non-fasting, fairly simple, single test method that is appropriate for low resource countries. The sensitivity of IADPSG criteria was shown to be slightly lower when compared with DIPSI criteria in the current study, despite the fact that they are universal criteria for screening and diagnosing GDM around the world. The only limitation was that it was a single center study.

Face recognition(FR) has multi-domain applications and video based FR is good area of research in terms of accuracy and performance. Recent research has proved that Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a one of best solution for object detection and recognition as it extracts features from on its own and performs classification as well. As we go for higher accuracy models, size of network increases and it requires more time to process a frame or video as it involves more computations. This paper aims at building a FR model which is smaller in network size, requires limited resources while building and still achieves good accuracy. The system uses combination of deep learning and machine learning based solution. FR system is built with CNN-Suport Vector Machine(SVM) model where CNN performs feature extraction and SVM performs classification task. Results shows that CNN-SVM model gives higher accuracy (94.05% validation and 90.17% testing) compared to conventional CNN-softmax model (93.37% validation and 88.77% testing) with a small network size and also requires less training time. Results can be improved by using cross validation techniques.