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The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that IL-34 is expressed in human adipose tissues and the circulating concentration is significantly elevated in obese patients. This suggests that IL-34 is associated with insulin resistance.

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Diagnosis of cancer in the early stages requires sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) probes to detect low concentrations of magnetic substances. In this study, ultrasensitive magnetic resonance contrast agents (UMRCAs) composed of magnetic nanocrystals and amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized for cancer detection using polyethylene glycol and fatty acid. The chemical structures and the compositions of PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles were analyzed. UMRCAs displayed remarkable colloidal stability and high sensitivity as MR probes. Furthermore, UMRCAs exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent cancer detection ability in an in vivo animal model.