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The ever-growing climate change, extreme weather events, and continuous expansion of human populations into mountainous regions have contributed to the increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of catastrophic geophysical mass flows (Fowler et al., 2021;Guerreiro et al., 2018;Hirschberg et al., 2021), such as debris flows, lahars and avalanches. In practical combats of these flows, flexible, slit, and rigid barriers (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information S1) are designed to reduce their peak discharge, flow velocity, erosion, and run-out distance (Gong et al., 2021;Iverson et al., 2016;Marchi et al., 2019). Nonetheless, current practice on the selection of barrier types and associated design has been largely empirical, since there is no unified analytical tool available for systematic analysis and comparison of their performance in arresting impinging flows of variable nature. This is due to the difficulties posed by the modeling of multi-body and multi-phase interactions. For

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