This study was carried out to investigate the effects of shipping temperature and harvesting stage on the quality and vase life of cut flower in standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' for export. Cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 4 were stored for 24 hours at 5°C, and then quality and vase life were evaluated after simulated shipping for 48 hours at 5, 20, and 35°C. In addition, cut flowers harvested in flowering stage 1 to stage 6 were evaluated after simulated shipping for 72 hours at 5°C. As shipping temperature increased, CO2 concentration inside the box rapidly increased, and O2 concentration greatly decreased. The vase life of cut flowers was extended by 3 days and chlorophyll content of leaves, fresh weight, solution uptake, and flower diameter were better maintained in 5°C shipping than in 20 or 35°C shipping. The vase life of cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 1 or 2 was extended by 5.2 or 5.5 days compared to those harvested at flowering stage 6, more 6. The fresh weight was lower and flower diameter was smaller by 1.3 or 2.5 cm in cut flowers of flowering stages 1 through 3 than flowering stages 4 through 6. In addition, the cut flowers of flowering stages 4 through 6 showed higher solution uptake than those of flowering stages 1 through 3. These results suggest that shipping at 5°C of cut flowers harvested at flowering stage 4 is preferential for promoting vase life and quality of cut flower in standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma' for export to Japan.

This study was carried out to examine the effects of NaOCl, sucrose, and BA concentration as pretreatment solution on quality and vase life of cut flowers in Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Jinba'. Flower diameter, fresh weight, and vase life in control and 0 mg･L -1 NaOCl treatments decreased, and the treatment with 100~200 mg･L -1 NaOCl was more effective in the quality and vase life. In pretreatment with 2.5% sucrose solution, flower diameter and fresh weight decreased and vase life was shortest due to the rapid leaf wilting. However, pretreatment with 0.1% sucrose solution increased the flower diameter and fresh weight, and showed the longest vase life. When more than 80 mg･L -1 BA was treated with pretreatment solution, flower diameter and fresh weight decreased, and vase life was shortened. With pretreatment of 20 mg･L -1 BA, the flower diameter was bigger than in the other treatments, but it was no effect on fresh weight and vase life. Therefore, it was suggested that pretreatment solution mixed with 200 mg･L -1 NaOCl, 0.1% sucrose, and 20 mg･L -1 BA was the most effective for the quality and vase life of cut flowers in standard chrysanthemum 'Jinba'.

This study was performed to investigate the species relationships and variation of Lycoris Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) species using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Also, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions in Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana were analyzed. All accessions formed 6 major clusters; cluster A with all L. sanguinea and L. chejuensis; cluster B with 3 accessions of L. flavescens; cluster C with 8 accessions of F. flavescens var. flavescens; cluster D with 10 accessions of L. uydoensis; cluster E with L. chinensis var. sinuolata and 4 accessions of L. uydoensis; and cluster F with all L. radiata. Five haplotypes were observed; L. sanguinea and L. chejuensis having the haplotype 1 with bases of CTTATATATAT; L. chinensis var. sinuolata and all L. flavescens. Lycoris incarnata and L. aurea, non-endemic to Korea had haplotype 2 and 5, respectively. Genetic variations in L. flavescens, L. chinensis var. sinuolata, and L. uydoensis are revealed based on the analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) and haploid types analyzed by sequence analysis. It is suggested that L. chejuensis may result from hybridization involving L. sanguinea var. koreana due to a close affinity between L. sanguinea complex and L. chejuensis. Nomenclature for L. chejuensis and L. flavescens whether they should be described as a hybrid origin should be discussed in the future.Additional key words: genetic variance, hybrid origin, internal transcribed spacer region, molecular markers, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, single nucleotide polymorphisms Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52(2):145-151. 2011.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of relative humidity (70, 80, 90, and 95%) and to examine the interrelationship of temperature (15, 20, and 25°C) and relative humidity (60, 70, 80, and 90%) in the greenhouse on growth and occurrence of white rust in chrysanthemum 'Baekma'. The developmental stages of white rust were monitored from the initial occurrence to sporidium formation in teliospores. When the relative humidity of greenhouse was adjusted to 90% or more for 40 days, the occurrence rate of white rust, the number of infected leaves, and the number of symptoms per leaf were more than 97%, 10, and 55, respectively. However, in the treatment with 70% relative humidity, the occurrence rate of white rust dropped to 30% and only two spots of symptoms were observed with only 1 or 2 infected leaves per plant. The growth of cut flowers, such as fresh weight and leaf number, was the highest in 70% relative humidity. In the 90% relative humidity treatment, the first symptom of white spot appeared at 6 days after planting in chrysanthemum infected with white rust (stage 1), and then after one day, teliospores came out through the epidermal tissue of leaf (stage 2). The telium was formed with increasing teliospores after 1 to 2 days (stage 3), and then the promycelia developed from teliospores (stage 4). After a lapse of 4 to 5 days, sporidia formed on promycelia (stage 5). Regardless of relative humidity, white rust did not occur at all in treatments at 25°C. In treatments at 20°C, the number of sporidia was high regardless of relative humidity, but white rust did not occur in 60% and 70% relative humidity. As the relative humidity was higher, the number of sporidia and occurrence rate of white rust greatly increased, but the occurrence rate of white rust decreased to less than 14% in 60% and 70% relative humidity in treatment at 15°C.

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