This study aimed to investigate the adequacy of the visual-motor integration (VMI) scale for Korean elderly (VMIS-KE) compared to traditional measures, mini-mental state examination of Korean version (MMSE-KC) and Beery VMI for cognitive decline in diabetic older adults. For this explanatory research, data were collected from September 1 to September 15, 2013, from 34 diabetic older adults and 31 nondiabetic older adults in Daegu and Gyeongsan of Korea. Mean differences between the two groups were analyzed with SPSS 18.0. The diabetic older adults showed significantly lower scores in the VMIS-KE (<i>t</i>= 4.128, <i>P</i>< 0.001) and MMSE-KC (<i>t</i>= 2.231, <i>P</i>= 0.029) compared with the nondiabetic older adults. In all subcategories of VMI-KE, figure cognition (<i>t</i>= 5.342, <i>P</i>< 0.001), memory (<i>t</i>= 3.011, <i>P</i>= 0.004) and spatial cognition (<i>t</i>= 2.639, <i>P</i>= 0.011), there were significant differences whereas no significant difference in the VMI-6th revision (<i>t</i>= 0.994, <i>P</i>= 0.325). VMIS-KE could be a sensitive indicator to assess cognitive change in older adults with diabetes and health care providers should periodically evaluate vulnerable groups such as them with it.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting quality of life of hemodialysis patients.Methods: As a descriptive study, the data were collected from 172 hemodialysis patients receiving hemodialysis at 4 medical institutions. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression.Results: The influential variable of the quality of Life of hemodialysis patients were resilience, symptom experience and monthly income less than 2 million won. These factors explained for 48.7% of the quality of Life of hemodialysis patients.Conclusions: The most ideal method to increase the quality of hemodialysis patients’ lives is to develop an integrated nursing intervention that will increase patients’ resilience and reduce the intensity of symptoms.

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effects of digital empowerment teacher training program applying virtual reality on digital media literacy, teacher efficacy, and problem-solving ability of school nurse.Methods: A quasi -experimental study of pre- and post-experimental design was performed on 47 school nurse located in K city and the developed digital empowerment teacher training program was implemented. The data collection period is July 27, 2021, and the collected data is collected using the SPSS 18.0 program. Paired t-test were analyzed.Results: According to the results of the effect, it was found that there was a significant difference in digital media literacy and problem-solving ability.Conclusions: The digital empowerment teacher training program developed in this study can be used as an effective program to enhance the digital media literacy and problem-solving ability of school nurse.