In order to improve the accuracy of electric inspection robot navigation and positioning, an improved SVM algorithm was proposed to improve the accuracy of inspection. The research focuses on sensor calibration technology, lane line detection and robot positioning technology, obstacle detection and tracking technology, and substation road scene understanding technology. The results show that the radar measurement results have great fluctuation and deviation due to the existence of noise, but the results are smoother after EKF estimation. Secondly, the accuracy of the improved SVM classifier in this paper is much higher than that of the traditional method, and the improvement effect is obvious.