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This article presents research results showing that the property of fused deposition modeling (FDM) products is obtained jointly by careful control of processing parameters, structure of products, and the composition of material. In this manuscript, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was incorporated with graphene or carbon nanotube (CNT) through repeated melt blending. Filament of the PLA/graphitic nano‐filler was prepared and used in FDM. Rheological and thermal analysis were conducted to assess the suitability of the composite as FDM feedstock, and mechanical and electrical property were tested subsequently. Research results demonstrate that filament diameter‐regarded as processing‐related parameter‐was positively correlated with mechanical stiffness and strength of FDM products. Tensile elongation at break of FDM products exhibited significant increase at a raster angle of 45° compared with the filament before FDM, showing in certain cases, material property depends more on the structure than the composition. And when incorporated with graphene or CNT, the electrical conductivity of the PLA‐based composite increased drastically. The electrical conductivity of the best experiment sample reached ∼10−1 S m−1, demonstrating that composition is the key to functionalizing material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44703.

International audienceContext Condensed tannins have been successfully used as substitutes for phenol in the production of resins for wood products. However, the enhancement of the properties of tannin-based resins with nontoxic and cost effective additives is of great interest.• Methods In the present work, the performance enhancement of tannin-based particleboards with cellulose nanofibers was investigated.• Results In presence of 2 % of cellulose nanofibers, the viscosity of tannin-based adhesives and the internal bonding strength (IB) of the corresponding particleboards were increased from 350 to 5,462 mPa·s and from 0.85 to 0.98 MPa respectively. The modulus of elastic (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the resins were also notably increased while thickness swelling (TS) of the panels was not affected.• Conclusion The addition of cellulose nanofibers to tannin adhesives is an effective method for the production of high performance particleboards. Tannin-based adhesive containing 2 % of cellulose nanofibers exhibits the best mechanical strength.Key messageThe addition of cellulose nanofibers into tannin-based adhesives notably enhanced the mechanical properties of the wood particleboards produced. The formulation containing 2 % (w/w) of cellulose nanofibers exhibited the best mechanical strength

Atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) measurement, and nanoindentation were combined to identify the interactions between wood cell wall and phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) on the nanoscale.