Hierarchical AuZn dendrites revealed electrocatalytic properties towards the glucose oxidation and the four-electron O2 reduction. The micro fuel cell using AuZn electrodes generated a power density of 2.07 and 0.29 mW cm(-2) for glucose and human whole blood. The micro film fuel cell implanted into the rat brain produced ∼0.52 V continuously operating for more than 18 days.

The pile foundation supported on a structure can generate large horizontal loads due to earthquakes, high winds, and wave actions. The behavior of piles when subjected to horizontal load is generally analyzed using the p-y curve and “p-multiplier (Pm),” which is the coefficient of the group pile effect. In this study, the p-y curves and Pm were calculated by analyzing a single pile and group of piles arranged in 3 × 3 installed in cohesive soil using the finite element analysis program, Plaxis 3D. The soil resistance (p) increased as the undrained shear strength of the clay increased and the distance between the pile centers (S/D) increased. In the case of the group pile effect, when Pm was closer to the center of the group pile, the distance between the pile centers was smaller, and Pm was less due to the interference effect of the adjacent individual piles. In conclusion, it was observed that Pm is affected by the location of the individual piles and the distance between the pile centers.

The <i>p-y</i> curve method and </i>p</i>-multiplier (<i>P_m</i>), which implies a group effect, are widely used to analyze the nonlinear behaviors of laterally loaded pile groups. Factors affecting <i>P_m</i> includes soil properties as well as group pile geometry and configuration. However, research on the change in <i>P_m</i> corresponding to soil properties has not been conducted well. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of soil properties on the group effect in a laterally-loaded pile group installed in sandy soil, numerical analysis for a single pile and 3×3 pile group installed in loose, medium, and dense sand, was performed using the 3D numerical analysis program, Plaxis 3D. Among the factors considered in this study, the column location of the pile was the most dominant factor for <i>P_m</i>. The effect of the sand property change on <i>P_m</i> was not as significant as that of the column location of the pile. However, as the sand became denser and the friction angle increased, the group effect increased, leading to a decrease in <i>P_m</i> of approximately 0.1. This trend was similar to the result reported in a previous laboratory-scale experimental study.

TiO2‐x‐electrodes only show photoresponse in the UV region at z 320 nm (in l M NaOH).

No abstract