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Information technologies with their strong penetration can provide effective solutions for addressing the challenges faced by the manufacturing industry. Leveraging information technologies to enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry has become a prominent trend worldwide. In this context, two important concepts for manufacturing—Industry 4.0 and cloud manufacturing—have been proposed. Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution, which is characterized by the widespread application of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in the manufacturing environment. Cloud manufacturing is a new service-oriented business paradigm based on the cloud concept and method. Since their inception, there has been a great deal of attention from both academia and industry. However, to date, they have largely been addressed in isolation. The fact is that, although being proposed from different perspectives and embracing different ideas, they each have some key features that can benefit one another. In order to better understand these two concepts, there is a need to compare them and clarify their relationship. To this end, this paper presents basic ideas of Industry 4.0 and cloud manufacturing, gives a brief overview of their current research, and provides a detailed comparative analysis of them from different perspectives.

As a new service-oriented manufacturing paradigm, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has experienced rapid development in the past five years. The research on its theories, key technologies, developments, and applications still keeps attracting attentions from more and more researchers. One of the most important issues to its improvements and quality of service (QoS) is the manufacturing service management (MSM). CMfg aims to realize the full-scale sharing, free circulation and transaction, and on-demand use of various manufacturing resource and capabilities in the form of manufacturing service. Without the effective operation and technical support of MSM, the implementation of CMfg and its aim cannot be achieved. It is therefore necessary to summarize the existing works and technologies on MSM in CMfg. This paper first provides a brief overview of CMfg and then focuses on the problem of MSM in CMfg from the service lifecycle perspective. The advances on MSM technology from eleven aspects are investigated and summarized. Finally, future research directions are identified and discussed. It is evident that the future MSM in CMfg is closely related to Internet of things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing.