The efficiency evaluation of forestry green economy development is related to the direction of forestry development and plays an important role in balancing the economic and environmental issues within that forestry development. The existing research faces three challenges: first, the output indicator is singular; second, the perspective of a self-assessment is extremely limited; and third, the multi perspective fusion method is not in line with the mechanism of the cross efficiency evaluation model. To address these challenges and the characteristics of forestry development output, we constructed multi-level output indicators from four aspects: ecology, economy, society, and sustainability and used evidence reasoning to combine the output indicators. Based on the perspective of a cross evaluation among peers, four different cross efficiency values are defined from the evaluation relationship between the different decision-making units to obtain economic–aggressive, social–neutral, ecological–benevolent, sustainable–neutral, and comprehensive–neutral cross efficiencies. According to the relationship between self- and cross evaluation, an order conditional entropy cross efficiency aggregation model has been proposed and used to analyze the development efficiency of the forestry green economy in 31 Chinese provinces in 2019. Considering the uneven distribution of the forestry resources in China, the development in the 31 provinces and cities is divided into four types by discussing the relationship between the output indicators and efficiency, while the reasons for the unbalanced development and the poor comprehensive development are discussed according to five cross efficiencies.

Increased uncertainty in the trade environment has become a reality. However, so far, there is no well-established indicator system to quantify the international competitiveness of forest products in the context of increased uncertainty in the trade environment. Based on expanding the concept of international competitiveness, we constructed an evaluation indicator system of international competitiveness including market performance and competitive advantage, which highlighted market stability and market sustainability indicators. We obtained a comprehensive international competitiveness index of the forest products by Deviation Maximization Method. This study aims to compare and evaluate the international competitiveness of forest products in the top 10 exporting countries using a comprehensive international competitiveness index. The results showed that it is more accurate and comprehensive to use the comprehensive international competitiveness index to evaluate the international competitiveness of forest products, compared to using only a single index. Additionally, the changes to the composite index of international competitiveness went hand-in-hand with the uncertainties the observed countries face, indicating that the indicator system is applicable to the measurement of international competitiveness in an uncertain environment. Large differences exist in the level of international competitiveness of forest products among observed countries. German paper products and wood chips, Chinese wood furniture, wood-based panels and wood products, U.S. logs and wood pulp, and Canadian sawn wood were the most competitive. On the whole, China, Germany and Italy have the highest level of overall international competitiveness in forest products, with Brazil and Poland showing the most significant increases.

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