Genomic and precision medicine research has afforded notable advances in human cancer treatment, yet applicability to other species remains uncertain. Through whole-exome and transcriptome analyses of 191 spontaneous canine mammary tumors (CMTs) that exhibit the archetypal features of human breast cancers, we found a striking resemblance of genomic characteristics including frequent PIK3CA mutations (43.1%), aberrations of the PI3K-Akt pathway (61.7%), and key genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. We also identified three gene expression-based CMT subtypes, one of which segregated with basallike human breast cancer subtypes with activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, low claudin expression, and unfavorable disease prognosis. A relative lack of ERBB2 amplification and Her2-enrichment subtype in CMT denoted species-specific molecular mechanisms. Taken together, our results elucidate cross-species oncogenic signatures for a better understanding of universal and context-dependent mechanisms in breast cancer development and provide a basis for precision diagnostics and therapeutics for domestic dogs.

This study examined the association between salespersons’ sense of calling and their job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and investigated the mediating role of occupational self-efficacy and the moderating role of living one’s calling on the relationships. The results indicated that salespersons’ level of calling was moderately associated with their OCB but not related to their job performance. Occupational self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between salespersons’ sense of calling and their job performance and partially mediated the relationship between their sense of calling and OCB. Additionally, we found positive interactions between endorsing a calling and living a calling as predictors of occupational self-efficacy and OCB. The results suggest that occupational self-efficacy plays a critical role in linking callings and job performance and that the ability to live one’s calling strengthens the benefits of endorsing a calling in a sales context. The implications of these findings are discussed.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the reliability, validity and factorial structure of the Korean version of Multidimensional Calling Measure(MCM). The items from the original scale were translated into Korean and back-translated prior to the distribution to 385 working adults in various vocations. Internal and external values were used in order to test convergent and discriminant validities, and Brief Calling Scale and Korean version of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire(CVQ-K) were used in terms of examining concurrent validity. In addition, autonomy was used as the independent variable, and several work-related variables(career commitment, organizational commitment, organizational identification, and burnout) as well as life-related variables (meaning in life and life satisfaction) were used as dependent variables for testing predictive validity. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis supported the three factor structure in the Korean version, as in the original scale. MCM-K showed higher correlation with the internal value than the external value, and it also showed significant positive relationship with both Brief Calling Scale(BCS) and Korean version of Calling and Vocation Questionnaire(CVQ-K). Furthermore, the relationships with independent and dependent variables were consistent with previous research, confirming the predictive validity of the scale. Such results altogether imply that MCM-K is a reliable and valid tool for measuring and studying the concept of calling within Korean society. Directions for future research and limitations were also discussed.

TMEM161B encodes an evolutionarily conserved widely expressed novel 8-pass transmembrane protein of unknown function in human. Here we identify TMEM161B homozygous hypomorphic missense variants in our recessive polymicrogyria (PMG) cohort. Patients carrying TMEM161B mutations exhibit striking neocortical PMG and intellectual disability. Tmem161b knockout mice fail to develop midline hemispheric cleavage, whereas knock-in of patient mutations and patient-derived brain organoids show defects in apical cell polarity and radial glial scaffolding. We found that TMEM161B modulates actin filopodia, functioning upstream of the Rho-GTPase CDC42. Our data link TMEM161B with human PMG, likely regulating radial glia apical polarity during neocortical development.