Purpose: The efficacy of perineal anal canal plastic operation (posterior internal anal sphincter repair) developed by our hospital (1. the anal canal is narrowed by inverting a large part of the posterior wall into the lumen, and 2. the sphincter ani externus and the puborectalis are gathered and sutured), was evaluated in 42 patients with rectal prolapse (incomplete rectal prolapse, 12 patients; complete rectal prolapse, 30 patients).Results: The postoperative observation period ranged from 6 months to 3 years and 7 months (average, 1 year and 9 months) in the incomplete prolapse group, and from 7 months to 6 years and 2 months (average, 3 years and 3 months) in the complete prolapse group.No recurrence was found in the 12 cases of incomplete prolapse. Among the 30 cases of complete prolapse, 2 cases (6.7 + 6.7 ) developed incomplete and complete prolapse.Wexner scores were significantly reduced after surgery in both cases of incomplete rectal prolapse and complete rectal prolapse (P < 0.01).Anal manometry revealed a significant increase of the maximum static pressure after the operation for complete rectal prolapse (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The present surgical procedure is considered to be useful for both complete and incomplete rectal prolapse

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