Decahedral single-crystalline anatase particles prepared by a newly developed gas-phase process showed photocatalytic activities superior to those of P25 photocatalyst despite their relatively smaller specific surface area compared with that of P25, probably because of the low density of particle boundaries and crystalline defects.

The effect of hydrogenation on the luminescence property of ZnO crystal was investigated by means of cathodoluminescence (CL). It was found that hydrogen plasma treatment strongly passivates the green emission and enhances the band edge luminescence. The band edge luminescence of ZnO crystals in the as-grown state does not show any significant temperature dependence. However, that of hydrogenated ZnO crystals shows strong temperature dependence and the intensity increases significantly at low temperatures. At 30 K, the number of luminescent photons exceeds several tenths of generated electron-hole pairs.

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The density and distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) nerve fibers in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were investigated in whole-mount preparations and frozen sections by immunohistochemistry with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Both types of immunoreactive nerves were observed primarily in the joint capsule, the peripheral articular disc, the synovial membrane, and the periosteum. The distribution of CGRP-LI nerves was similar to that of SP-LI nerves. The anterior portion of the joint capsule and disc was most densely innervated, followed by the posterior, lateral, and medial portions. In addition, CGRP-LI nerves were more numerous and more dense in immuno-intensity than SP-LI nerves. In the synovial membrane, many SP- and CGRP-LI nerves terminated in the subsynovial layer, but some branches extended into the superficial synovial lining layer close to the joint cavity. Immunolabeled nerves were prominently located in the disc attachment and peripheral portion of the disc, and occasional nerves were located in the dense collagenous disc band as an actual disc. However, no fibers were detected in the central disc band. Thus, most of the disc was not innervated by any nerves. The present study provides a morphological basis for the possible roles of neuropeptides in endocytosis by synoviocytes, regulation of blood flow in the synovial membrane, nociception mechanisms of the TMJ, and modulation of the inflammatory response in the TMJ.