We developed a self-report measure for assessing experiences of negative interpersonal dependent events, negative non-interpersonal dependent events, and negative independent events in Japanese university students, which was named the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale. We selected items having sufficient content validity in each negative events category. Undergraduate students (N = 247) responded to the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale and self-reported measures of depressive symptoms, reassurance-seeking behaviors, inattention, and lack of perseverance. Consistent with our prediction, all the negative events subscales had moderate positive correlations with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale showed a moderate positive correlation with reassurance-seeking behaviors, and the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale showed a strong positive correlation with inattention. Moreover, the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale was more strongly correlated with inattention than the other two negative events subscales. In contrast, the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale was more strongly correlated with reassurance-seeking behaviors than with the negative independent events subscale but not more strongly than with the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale. These findings indicated the acceptable construct validity of the Negative Independent/Dependent Events Scale. However, further research is necessary to establish the discriminant validity of the negative interpersonal dependent events subscale and the negative non-interpersonal dependent events subscale.

This study examined whether a two-dimensional structure of emotion could be found under the condition of perceptual ambiguity, using a stereoscopic procedure. Two expressions of depicted emotion were presented simultaneously to each different eye of the subjects. Multidimensional scaling yielded results suggesting that the dimensional structure such as valence and arousal was evident even under such an unusual condition as that of the current study.

Sponging off nature is a reliable way to find promising drug leads: (−)‐Dictyostatin, which was isolated from the marine sponge Corallistidae, is a novel microtubule‐stabilizing agent that could be useful against multidrug‐resistant tumors. In their Communications on pages 4629 ff. and 4634 ff., the groups of I. Paterson and D. P. Curran describe the total synthesis of this challenging target, thus establishing unequivocally the relative and absolute configuration of the macrolactone and opening the way to useful amounts of the drug and designed analogues. The Photo of the sponge was provided by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution.

No abstract

No abstract