Prolonged use of IDPN prevents muscle protein catabolism and promotes body protein and fat accumulation. IDPN appears to be effective in malnourished elderly haemodialysis patients.

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The /I-subunit of Torpedo californica (Na,K)ATPase contains seven cysteine residues; one (Cysti) is in the single transmembrane segment and the other six (CYS'*~, Cys'%, Cys'@', CYS'~~, Cys"' and Cysz7*) are in the extracellular domain and form three highly conserved disulfide bonds. A/?-subunit mutant with replacement of Cy@ by Ser could assemble with the a-subunit, and the resulting a&complex was catalytically active. Mutants in which either the N-terminal side or both Cys residues of the Cys"%ys Iso bond were replaced by Ser could also tightly assemble with the a-subunit, but the resulting @complex was catalytically inactive. On the other hand, disruption of either the Cy~'~-Cys'~~ or Cy~~'~-Cys~~s bond by substituting the N-terminal side only or both Cys residues with Ser led to aSsubunit that could not assemble with the u-subunit. We conclude that the structure of the @ubunit around the Cy~'~Cys'~~ and Cy~~'~-Cys 27* loops is indispensable for assembly with the u-subunit, whereas the Cy~'~~-Cys'~~ loop is not essential for assembly but is required for enzyme activity.

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