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In order to investigate whether leukemia and lymphoma cells would be cytolysed by autoch thonous and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) or mononuclear cells from lymphnode (LN-MNC), cytotoxic activity was measured by a 6-hr 51Cr-release assay by culturing fresh and/or cryopreserved malignant cells with PB-MNC or LN-MNC from healthy donors and from the patients.Significant cytolysis was recognized in 5 out of 10 materials from lymphoma patients (50%), and 1 out of 6 materials from leukemia patients (16.7%).These cytolysis were either due to direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity or due to humoral anti body (ADCC). However, the degree of these cytolysis was lower than natural killer (NK) activity against K-562 cells in all cases. It was noteworthy that LN-MNC from the accessory lymphnode of a patient showed cytotoxic activity as Killer T-cell, against autochthonous lymphoma cells and that this killer activity was inhibited by competitive inhibition test by Raji cells. Since these findings in vitro were coincident with clinical signs in some patients, specific and or nonspecific immunotherapy against these patients witg hematologic malignancy should be advanced in future.