This paper presents a study to analyze and modify the Islamic star pattern using digital algorithm, introducing a method to efficiently modify and control classical geometric patterns through experiments and applications of computer algorithms. This will help to overcome the gap between the closeness of classical geometric patterns and the influx of design by digital technology and to lay out a foundation for efficiency and flexibility in developing future designs and material fabrication by promoting better understanding of the various methods for controlling geometric patterns.

Resor House can be considered significant since it provides a meaningful clue to understanding the changes in Mies' conception of architectural space, particularly the relationship between the interior and the exterior spaces. In this light, this paper focuses on the following characteristics of the living room of Resor House. Firstly, in terms of spatial characteristics, the paper discusses the idea that there is an enhanced relationship between the interior and the exterior spaces of Resor House. This is achieved by minimizing the use of fixed elements other than the ceiling and floor in the living room space, and through the emphasis of its objet-like characteristic, resulting in a homogeneous, continuous, and hierarchical composition for the overall living room space. Secondly, the paper examines the idea that a building can act as a visual frame that forms a single integrated visual whole between the inside and the outside, while maintaining the inherent properties of the interior and exterior spaces. This aspect can explain the fact that after Resor House, the role of architecture as a device to create the relationship between spaces, especially of those between the interior and exterior, becomes more emphasized in Mies' architecture. In addition, Resor House is also significant in that concrete solutions to the country house idea, which appeared conceptually during Mies' German era, particularly as a precise study on its interior space, are actively suggested through this project. In so doing, Resor House exemplifies Mies' concrete experiments on the possibility of integrating the interior space into the exterior environment on a site that has abundant natural features.

The concept of a spectacle as an element of urban landscape is demonstrated by the relationship between the idea of sensible urban experiences and the surface of architecture. The face of architecture can go beyond visual experiences and create surfaces that communicate images by expressing a spectacle. In other words, the installations and surface finishes of architecture make it possible for us to use architecture as a tool for experiential marketing. This study was conducted in order to understand the spectacle phenomenologically as a means of expression in urban consumer space that constantly changes according to the development of the media in urban consumer spaces, and according to the changes of visual perception. In addition, the spectacle is seen as a surface element of architecture that creates urban landscapes. The purpose of this study is to examine how rhetorical expressions of spectacles are used as strategic tools to merchandize architecture as a component of urban landscapes. In conclusion, the authors discuss what roles spectacles play in consumer spaces in order to determine the representative characteristics of surfaces in an attempt to understand architectural surfaces of contemporary urban landscapes as a phenomenon of perceptive communication.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze patterns of public school building layout types, open space and relationship with communities in the Manhattan grid plan. The study illustrates how building layout patterns of school facilities are influenced by societal demands in the urban grid environment. During the nineteenth century, the Island of Manhattan was transformed into a physical representation of the Cartesian coordinate system via the development of the grid street plan. In order to take advantage of streets as urban space, it is quite important to understand characteristics of communities and open space relationships between buildings and streets. Moreover, the strategic planning of schools' outdoor space vitalizes public streets as a critical community anchor. This research reviews 118 Manhattan public schools and categorizes them by (1) building layout type, (2) site type, (3) circulation and public open space, which are the biggest factors that determine the layout patterns of the public schools in