The first complete mitochondrial genome (17,159 bp) of the Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus, which is an endangered species in South Korea, was sequenced and characterized. The genome included 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region. It has high AT content and the same gene arrangement pattern as those of typical vertebrate mitochondrial genome. Within the control region, a 80 bp tandem repeat unit was iterated five times which was found in Domain I. It has been observed only in the vespertilionid bat group, and could contribute to identifying the species or genus, and also distinguishing it from other bat families.

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노인의 영양위험상태 평균값은 0-2.1점의 범위를 가진다.• 사회망(Social networks) Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship of malnutrition, social network and health-related quality of life and to investigate the main factors influencing health-related quality of life in elders. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 196 elders. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The average score for health related quality of life was 3.33 (SD=0.86). Differences in health-related quality of life were statistically significant according to age, gender, occupation, presence of spouse, monthly income, source of income, economic status, medicine, and existence of chronic disease. Health-related quality of life was significantly correlated with malnutrition and social network. Major factors affecting health related quality of life for elders were malnutrition, occupation, age, social network, and economic status which explained 52.0% of the variance in health related quality of life. Conclusion: Findings provide a basis for developing nursing interventions to improve health-related quality of life. Future studies are needed a wide variety of variables that might influence health -related quality of life in elders.

Background: Many studies have explored the correlation between waist circumference and risk of hyperuricemia. However, few studies relating neck circumference (NC) with serum uric acid levels exist. This study aimed to explore the association between NC and risk of hyperuricemia in Korean adults over 40 years old. Methods: Data from 4,481 adults (≥40 years old) who participated in the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019 KNHANES) were used for this study. The data were analyzed using t-and chi-square tests with SPSS complex samples. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of hyperuricemia based on NC and multiple confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression analysis. We used three models with progressive degrees of adjustment. Model 1 was adjusted for only NC. Model 2 was further adjusted for age, aerobic physical activity, current smoking, and binge drinking. Model 3 was further adjusted for dyslipidemia, high density lipoprotein, hypertension, and HbA1c. Results: Model 1 showed positive correlation between NC and the risk of hyperuricemia (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.09-1.22] for male and 1.25 [95% CI, 1.17-1.33] for female). We demonstrated similar results from Model 2 (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08-1.21] for male and 1.26 [95% CI, 1.17-1.34] for female) and Model 3 (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.05-1.19] for male and 1.17 [95% CI, 1.09-1.26] for female) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Neck circumference is positively associated with hyperuricemia in both genders over 40 years in terms of data from the 2019 KNHANES.

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