Cervicomedullary tumors are a unique subset of brainstem gliomas in childhood that present with a long duration of symptoms and a greater long-term survival than pontine gliomas.

Plain film imaging remains important for the diagnosis and surveillance of scoliosis, as well as for the detection of complications after surgery. Advances in CT and MR imaging have greatly improved the ability to detect or confirming non-idiopathic causes of scoliosis, including abnormalities within the spinal canal. Three-dimensional thinking has become more important in evaluating and understanding scoliosis.