In this randomized retrospective study, 2 different endoscopic approaches were used to treat intractable plantar fasciitis with the aim to reduce complications and improve therapeutic effects. The lateral double incisions group included 23 feet in 22 patients, and the medial and lateral incisions group included 21 feet in 19 patients. Both groups were treated with endoscopy through the suprafascial approach. Patients were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS-AHS) and visual analog scale (VAS) preoperatively and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. At the final follow-up, the Roles-Maudsley (R-M) score was used to determine patient satisfaction. The AOFAS-AHS scores of the lateral double incisions group were 54.54 § 7.02 preoperatively and 97.71 § 3.67 postoperatively. Similarly, AOFAS-AHS scores in the medial and lateral incisions group were 55.52 § 6.41 preoperatively and 96.64 § 3.18 postoperatively. There was no significant difference in AOFAS-AHS scores between groups before and after surgery. The time to full weightbearing after surgery and the time to return to full athletic activities in the 2 groups showed no significant difference. The postoperative VAS scores were significantly lower than the preoperative values for both groups. However, no differences were noted in VAS scores or R-M scores postoperatively between the 2 groups. In the medial and lateral incisions group, 3 cases of injury of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve occurred postoperatively. In conclusion, both endoscopic approaches are effective in the treatment of intractable plantar fasciitis. The lateral double incisions approach showed a lower incidence of nerve injury.

No abstract

Aims: Identify novel tyrosinase inhibitory peptides from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) collagen using in silico methods and elucidate the molecular interaction mechanism. Background: Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, to restrain melanin production and reduce the appearance of associated skin diseases, inhibition of tyrosinase activity is one of the most effective methods. Objective: The collagen from Apostichopus japonicus, which consists of 3,700 amino acid residues, was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as the accession number of PIK45888. Method: Virtual hydrolyzed method was used, and the peptides generated were compared to the previously established BIOPEP-UWM database. In addition, peptides were examined for their solubility, toxicity, and tyrosinase-binding capacity. Result: A tripeptide CME with optimal potential inhibitory activity against tyrosinase was identified, and its inhibitory activity was validated by in vitro experiments. The IC50 value of CME was 0.348 ± 0.02 mM for monophenolase, which was inferior to the positive control peptide glutathione, while it had an IC50 value of 1.436 ± 0.07 mM for diphenolase, which was significantly better than glutathione, and the inhibition effect of CME on tyrosinase was competitive and reversible. Conclusion: In silico methods were efficient and useful in the identification of new peptides. Keywords: Identification, Tyrosinase inhibitory Peptide, In silico methods, ADMET, Molecular docking

Lying Flat (Tang Ping) is a prevalent way of life in contemporary countries throughout the world. It is an avoidance behavior chosen by individuals in response to limited social resources and ongoing harsh social competition. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phenomena of "lying flat" has a major negative effect on student learning. In order to investigate the impact of educational innovation on the phenomenon of "lying flat," we will observe students' learning behaviors under the traditional education model and innovative teaching methods in our Bali teaching practice to determine the causes of "lying flat" and the means to improve educational innovation. The study found that "lying flat" is caused not just by students' discontent with their level difference, but also by the conflict between external resources and internal pressure. In addition, educational reforms on three levels, including further stratified education, strengthening teacher education and promoting effective communication between students and teachers, and employing online resources to promote students' interest in learning, can ameliorate the phenomenon of pupils "lying flat." This study contends that educational innovation can have a positive effect on the phenomena of "lying flat".