Background: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is the fusion of mandibular condyle to the glenoid fossa, which causes distressing conditions. It may be due to trauma or infection. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of TMJ Ankylosis in Khartoum teaching dental hospital among children. Materials and methods:A retrospective cross sectional study for 48 patients (32 male, 16 female) aged 0-18 years old. Data were collected from patients records registered from January 2009 to April 2015.Results: Males were more affected than females, the most affected age group was 7-12 years old, bilateral ankylosis more common than unilateral, intra capsular ankylosis is the most common type, and micrognathia is the most common deformity. 41 patients received treatment, coronoidectomy with condylectomy and physiotherapy is the most preferable treatment method. Also Condylectomy + Gap arthroplasty + Physiotherapy and Gap arthroplasty + Coronoidectomy + Physiotherapy were used. In some cases physiotherapy overcome the ankylosis, and only 7 patients didn't receive any type of treatment. Conclusion:The prevalence of TMJ ankylosis among children was high; the most common causes were trauma and infection, whereas most of patients came with intracapsular type ankylosis in children leads to facial deformities. Improvement of awareness regarding condyle fracture is required. TMJ Ankylosis is fusion of the mandibular condyle to the glenoid fossa in the base of the skull, which causes distressing conditions such as impaired speech, difficulty in chewing, poor oral hygiene, facial disfigurement, compromise of the airway, and psychological stress [2].Various etiological factors had been attributed to TMJ ankylosis; trauma, local and systemic inflammatory conditions, neoplasm, and TMJ infection. The most frequent one trauma and infection [3].Fractures of the condylar head are more prone to postoperative ankylosis of the TMJ, and that the possible risk factors seem to include the technique used for fixation and damage to the disc, together with an anterior mandibular fracture and with the remaining fractured fragment [4]. Bilateral TMJ ankylosis caused by systemic infection is reported [4]. The clinical findings of TMJ ankylosis in children in unilateral ankylosis reveal unilateral hypoplasia of the mandible and deviation of the chin to the affected side. Bilateral ankylosis results in bird-face appearance; night snoring and obstructive sleep apneas are the other clinical findings in bilateral ankylosis [5]. Later joint involvement after 15 years of facial deformity is marginal or nil but functional loss is severe [6].TMJ imaging comprise; plain radiography, panoramic radiography, tomograms, conventional CT, arthrography, three dimensional CT, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and radionuclide imaging [7,8].The management goal in TMJ ankylosis is removal of the ankylotic mass, restoring the form and function of the joint, mouth opening, relief of upper airway obstruction, and prevention of recurrence [9].A numb...

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic role of the oral cancer systemic inflammation score (SIS) based on serum albumin levels and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after treatment. Study Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods The study involved 613 patients who were treated for OSCC between September 2005 and December 2014. The association of the oral cancer SIS with various clinicopathological features was investigated. A nomogram based on different clinicopathological features and SIS was established to predict prognosis. Results Higher SIS was significantly associated with older age ( P = .0013), advanced tumor status ( P < .0001), tumor depth ( P < .0001), advanced overall pathologic stage ( P < .0001), and extranodal extension ( P = .0045), as well as the presence of perineural invasion ( P = .0341). Higher SIS, older age, overall stage, and extranodal extension were demonstrated to be independent prognostic indicators for shorter overall survival ( P < .0001). A nomogram comprising SIS, TNM stage, and the degree of cell differentiation, as well as perineural invasion and extranodal extension, was developed to predict the prognosis of these patients. The c-index of the nomogram model based on TNM staging only was 0.688 and could be increased to 0.752 if SIS and several other clinicopathological parameters were incorporated. Conclusions Higher SIS is associated with many poor prognosticators, and the nomogram that was established and based on the incorporation of SIS might strengthen the prediction of prognosis in patients with OSCC.

A 34 years old Sudanese male who is generally fit with no significant medical history & no family history of interest, presented to oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic complaining from painless firm unilateral facial right side parotid region mass

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