BACKGROUNDUrinary tract infections (UTI) are the common bacterial infections during pregnancy. It may involve the lower urinary tract or bladder. The majority of UTI occur due to ascending infection. Untreated UTI can be associated with serious obstetric complications.The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of UTI, proper screening and treatment of pregnant woman is necessary to prevent complications. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study included 350 cases of pregnant women over a period of 1 year. UTI was diagnosed using mid-stream (MSU) culture using > 10 5 colony forming unit per millilitre as a significant level of bacteriuria. RESULTSA total of 350 samples were processed during the study period, of which 98 cases showed significant growth making prevalence of 28%. There was a high incidence in 21 -25 years' age group (48.97%). There was also high incidence of infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (73.46%) compared to first (7.14%) and second trimester (19.38%). Multiparity is associated with increased urinary tract infection in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONThe present study shows the prevalence rate of 28% of UTI among pregnant women. These findings underscore the importance of screening of all pregnant women for significant bacteriuria, so that positive cases should be treated subsequently with antibiotics in order to reduce the adverse effects on both maternal and foetal health.

ABSTRACT:The umbilical cord is a narrow tube like structure that forms connecting link between foetus and placenta. The umbilical cord begins to form at five weeks after conception, becomes progressively longer until 28 weeks of pregnancy contains two arteries and one vein surrounded by wharton's jelly enclosed in a layer of amnion. Abnormalities in the development and site of attachment of umbilical cord can cause problems which have the potential to affect maternal and foetal health. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze the site of attachment of umbilical cord to the placenta by dissection method and to correlate them with any abnormalities of the mother and foetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 specimens were collected from Katihar Medical College during the period of 2014-2015 and subjected to thorough examination. Details were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Study showed Ecentric attachment of umbilical cord 66%, Central attachment 24%, Marginal 08% and Velamentous 02%. CONCLUSION: Variations in the placental attachment of umbilical cord are also associated with abnormalities in the foetus as well as the mother. Early examination of the placenta can yield information that may be important in the immediate and later management of mother and infant.

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