Abstract. Background: Abrasion wound is the release of the skin surface caused by friction with rough surface, ginger anti-inflammatory compound so that it can accelerate the healing of abrasion wounds. Objective: the effectiveness of healing abrasion wounds with gel application of ginger extract (Zingiber Officlinale Var Rosc) on white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Method:  True experimental with post test only control group design. The study was conducted for 7 days with samples divided into 4 groups, P1 (NaCl 0.9%), P2 (Gel 0%), P3 (Ginger Gel 8%), P4 (Ginger Gel 12%). Application of extract gel was done on days 1, 3 and 5. Wound area observed on day 7. Data analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed abrasion wound area day 7 at P1 = 1.47 cm2, P2 = 0.58 cm2, P3 = 0.31 cm2, P4 = 0 cm2, healing speed P1 = 4.9% / day, P2 = 10.6% / day, P3 = 12.31% / day, P4 = 14.2% / day. One way ANOVA test results showed a significant effect (p 0.05). Conclusion: Elephant ginger extract extract (Zingiber officinale var rosc) can accelerate healing of abrasion wounds in white rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Kasus hidrosefalus pada bayi dan anak, merupakan salah satu kasus yang sering terjadi dan mempunyai komplikasi yang bervariasi. Penanganan hidrosefalus adalah dilakukan pemasangan pirau ventrikuloperitoneal. Tindakan tersebut sering ditemukan komplikasi, diantaranya adalah malfungsi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya malfungsi tersebut, salah satunya berupa karakteristik pasien, cara persalinan, analisa CSS, tipe dan tekanan pirau ventrikuloperitoneal, jenis hidrosefalus, dan etiologi hidrosefalus. Penulis dalam kesempatan ini akan menganalisa faktor – faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian malfungsi pirau ventrikuloperitoneal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain cohort retrospective, yaitu dengan cara mengambil sampel pasien hidrosefalus pada bayi dan anak yang telah dilakukan pemasangan pirau ventrikuloperitoneal pada periode Januari 2015 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Jumlah sampel yang akan diteliti adalah sebesar 124 sampel. Data dianalisis dengan Chi square yang selanjutnya dilakukan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Total sampel penelitian 124 pasien hidrosefalus pada bayi dan anak yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel secara total. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 8 faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian malfungsi pirau ventrikuloperitoneal pada pasien hidrosefalus bayi dan anak Pada analisis multivariat terpilih 3 faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian malfungsi pirau ventrikuloperitoneal, yaitu usia kehamilan, usia kehamilan, tipe pirau ventrikuloperitoneal, dan analisa jumlah sel CSS. Faktor risiko yang dominan dan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian malfungsi pirau ventrikuloperitoneal pada pasien hidrosefalus bayi dan anak adalah usia kehamilan preterm, yaitu sebanyak 6 sampel (66,7%) dari 9 sampel dengan nilai p = 0,010 yang artinya nilai p < 0,05 dan dengan Odds Ratio (OR) paling besar yaitu 7,156 dengan IK 95% (1,627-31,476), sedangkan jumlah sel CSS yang meningkat  sebesar 8 sampel (38,1%) dari 21 sampel dan nilai p = 0,406 dan OR 1,646 dengan IK 95% (0,509-5,328). Untuk tipe pirau ventrikuloperitoneal mempunyai nilai p = 0,161 dan OR 0,727 dengan IK 95% (0,466-1,136). Usia kehamilan preterm pada pasien hidrosefalus bayi dan anak merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian malfungsi pirau ventrikuloperitoneal di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

OBJECTIVEThe recent COVID-19 outbreak has forced notable adjustments to surgical procedure preparation, including neurosurgical services. However, due to the uniqueness of the recent situation, neurosurgical centers, especially those located in low-resource settings, are facing several challenges such as a lack of coordination, poor equipment, and shortage of medical personnel. Therefore, several guidelines from local authorities and international neurosurgical bodies have been published to help clinicians manage their patients. In addition, the academic health system (AHS), which is an integrated system containing a medical institution, universities, and a teaching hospital, may play some role in the management of patients during COVID-19. The objective of this study was to describe how each hospital in the authors’ network adjusted their neurosurgical practice and how the AHS of the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) played its role in the adaptation process during the pandemic.METHODSThe authors gathered both local and national data about the number of COVID-19 infections from the government’s database. To assess the contribution of the AHS to the efforts of each hospital to address the pandemic, questionnaires were given to 6 neurosurgeons, 1 resident, and 2 general surgeons about the management of neurosurgical cases during the pandemic in their hospitals.RESULTSThe data illustrate various strategies to manage neurosurgical cases by hospitals within the authors’ networks. The hospitals were grouped into three categories based on the transmission risk in each region. Most of these hospitals stated that UGM AHS had a positive impact on the changes in their strategies. In the early phase of the outbreak, some hospitals faced a lack of coordination between hospitals and related stakeholders, inadequate amount of personal protective equipment (PPE), and unclear regulations. As the nation enters a new phase, almost all hospitals had performed routine screening tests, had a sufficient amount of PPE for the medical personnel, and followed both national and international guidelines in caring for their neurosurgical patients.CONCLUSIONSThe management of neurosurgical procedures during the outbreak has been a challenging task and a role of the AHS in improving patient care has been experienced by most hospitals in the authors’ network. In the future, the authors expect to develop a better collaboration for the next possible pandemic.

Highlight : Patients experiencing failure of first-line drug and developing multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has increased throughout 2011-2015. Castor plant leaf extract (Ricinus communis L.) has an antibacterial potential against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.   Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of pulmonary tuberculosis that can reduce human health. In the therapy of the disease, patients can develop resistance to tuberculosis drugs. Based on the 2015 health profiles of Indonesia, 15,380 people were suspected to have multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), while 1,860 people were confirmed patients with MDR-TB. There is a need for innovation to develop the latest treatments using natural ingredients, one of which is castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) that contains antibacterial compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aimed to understand the antimicrobial potential of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) leaf extract against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This scientific paper was a quantitative systematic review study. Literature in the form of journal articles and books were obtained through search engines, i.e. ebook database, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Wiley, and PubMed. The results of the literature source search were 19 journal articles and 4 ebooks, as well as 4 journal articles that were in accordance with the title of this literature review and discussed the effects of castor plants on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results of the analysis showed that castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) leaf extract has the potential in the antibacterial activity against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis because it contains phytochemicals in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and fatty acid amides derived from ricinoleic acid as the main constituent of castor plants (Ricinus communis L.). There is antimicrobial potential for castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) leaf extract against the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.