Introduction and Objective: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallbladder disease. However, conversion to open surgery is not the complication. Different centers have reported different conversion rates and post operative complications. The objective of this study is to identify conversion rate and post operative complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomyMaterials and Methods: This retrospective study included all laparoscopic cholecystectomies attempted in Dhulikhel hospital during the year 2015. Files of all patients were reviewed to find out the demography of the patients and the indication of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, the underlying reasons for conversion and postoperative complications were analyzed.Results: Out of 324 cases attempted laparoscopic cholecystetomies, two cases with the history of previous laparotomy were excluded to rule out the bias in the result. Out of 322 cases 226(70.18%)were female and 96(29.81%) were male . The mean age was 38 years. Over all conversion rate to open cholecystetomy was 1.86% with frozen calot’s triangle as the most common reason for conversion. The over all postoperative complication was 1.24% with no major bile duct injury.Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can safely be done with low conversion rate and complication.

Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. This worksite based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre in 2010 with 50 subjects were recruited by multistage purposive cluster sampling. The primary aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the socioeconomic status and to measure the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and correlates of hypertension. The prevalence of pre-hypertension is 38% and hypertension is 34%. Among the hypertensive 53% are aware of their condition and 66.66% of them are under treatment and 16.66% have control over the condition. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22% and 4% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 29.72% among male and 69% among female. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on hypertension was satisfactory. Fourteen percent understood hypertension as a raised blood pressure during blood flow in the arteries. Majority of them (72%) have positive attitude towards use of medicine in hypertension. Majority of them (86%) had checked their blood pressure in last 2 years. Difference in prevalence of hypertension was found among the tobacco users and non-users (65% vs 40%), who do regular exercise and those who do not (28% vs. 38%) and sleep disturbance was higher among hypertensive than non-hypertensive (48% vs. 10%). Patients with Dislipidemia (32%) had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without Dislipidemia (44% vs 30 %) Similar finding were found between overweight participants (26%) and normal weight participants (46% vs 34%). The prevalence of hypertension is higher with the higher socio-economic status.

BackgroundVaricose veins are prominent dilated veins in the lower limb primarily due to disease in the junction between superficial and deep venous system. Operative treatment of such condition significantly improves quality of life and also demonstrably decreases the potential complications. We present with analysis of fifty one consecutive open surgeries for varicose vein at Dhulikhel Hospital. ObjectiveTo analyze consecutive open surgeries for varicose vein in terms of gender, age, presenting complaints, findings and post operative outcomes. MethodAll the cases posted for open surgeries for varicose vein at Dhulikhel Hospital during September 2012 -July 2013 were included. If great saphenous vein in thigh was more than 3 mm, segmental stripping was done. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. ResultThere were 51 cases with 47%male and 53% female. Mean age was 48.9 years. Prominent dilated vein was the most common presenting complaints. Incompetent saphenofemoral junction was present in 68.6% cases. Segmental stripping was done in 51% cases. Mean days of admission was 2.6 days. Mean pain free day was on 3.2 days. In an average, patient were able to walk normally in 4.1 days. Analysis of hospital admission days, ability to walk normally and pain free day attained in between stripping required and stripping not required group showed significant difference with higher values in stripping required group. ConclusionAlthough conventional stripping surgery has long been performed for varicose vein, this is associated with prolonged hospital admission, prolonged time required for ability to walk normally, and prolonged time taken for pain free status. Hence newer modalities of treatment like radiofrequency ablation is warranted in our setup too.