The relevance of this study is due, on the one hand, to the high level of significance of the ferrous metallurgy sector for the Russian economy and, on the other hand, to the presence of serious threats to the sustainable functioning of the investigated industry in the medium term due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of Russian production of the main ferrous metallurgy products in 2007-2018; identifies key risk factors to ensure the financial stability of Russian metallurgical holdings in the medium term; assesses the financial stability of seven largest metallurgical companies in the dynamics of 3, 4 quarters of 2019 and 1, 2 quarters of 2020 to determine the degree of negative impact of the pandemic on their financial position. In the context of the identified probable negative trends in the functioning of Russian ferrous metallurgical companies, the authors have formulated the main directions of measures to improve their financial stability.

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Due to the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly and old patients, early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its complications are relevant. Protein supplements can be used to maintain muscle strength and mass during aging. The possibility of using branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in geriatric patients is of scientific interest. BCAAs promote the synthesis and inhibit the degradation of muscle tissue proteins, are involved in the regulation of tissue sensitivity to insulin, ammonia utilization, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc.Search strategy. The search for scientific articles for literature review was carried out in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases. The selection criterion was scientific articles published up to December 2022. We used the following search keywords: “branched-chain amino acids”, “BCAA”, “body composition”, “sarcopenia”, “aging”. The 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Consensus was included in the list of articles.Conclusions. The possibility of using BCAAs in elderly and old patients for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is a relevant topic that continues to be actively studied. The effectiveness of BCAA supplementation in the diet is debatable as long as sufficient protein is consumed daily. On the other hand, BCAA supplementation may be justified in cases where it is not possible to consume enough high-quality protein in the diet. More research is needed on this topic.

Diabetes mellitus represents a serious medico-social problem that is caused by its high prevalence, a tendency to body height of number ofpatients, a high invalidism and a mortality. The main reason for death ofpatients with a diabetes mellitus type 2 is the pathology of cardiovascular system bound to an atherosclerosis to which leads lack of adequate compensation of a disease. In this article various risk factors of cardiovascular pathology at patients with a diabetes mellitus are surveyed and modern opportunities in their correction are discussed.

Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex that is based on visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its prevalence is quite high, which is a big problem, since this condition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. Metabolic syndrome includes, in addition to abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role in the formation of insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This is due to the fact that abdominal fat, in contrast to subcutaneous fat, synthesizes pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipokines — adipose tissue hormones that are involved in the formation of insulin resistance, affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system. These include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin and others. Some adipokines have an adverse effect on metabolism and increase cardiovascular risks, while others, on the contrary, have a positive effect. Taking into account their role in the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome, the possibilities of a therapeutic effect on the hormones of adipose tissue to improve metabolic processes and prevent complications associated with it are discussed.