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The double-lane single navigation lock of the Cheboksary hydrostation is located in the right-bank abutment of the hydrostation.Filling is effected through culverts located in the abutments of the upper lock heads. Emptying of the chambers is effected through culverts of the lower heads with discharge of 50% of the water into the lower pool of the hydrostation. The dimensions of the lock chambers are 30.0 x 290.0 m. The maximum difference of levels on the lock is 19.4 m.The mechanical equipment of the upper lock heads (Fig, i) consists of the main gates and guard gates. The main gates are operated by hydraulic drives with a hoisting capacity of 2 x150 tons. The guard gates can be raised and lowered into the bottom recess in the flow. The capacity of the hydraulic drive of the guard gates is 2 x350 tons.The lower lock heads are equipped with main and guard miter gates. The guard gates are operated by winches installed on the upper cross bar of the gates. A barrier for protection against accidental bumping by ships is provided for in front of the main gates,The mechanical equipment of the culverts of the upper ( Fig. 2) and lower lock heads consists of the main fixed-axle gates with 320-ton-capacity hydraulic hoists and guard gates which permit performing repair works on the culverts without interrupting the passage of ships. At the inlet to the culverts of the upper heads are installed trash racks which are cleaned by means of a flat-jaw grab.The following designs have been developed for the mechanical equipment of the Cheboksary lock for improving its operating conditions.Unlike the existing locks with 30-m-wide chambers, the gantry cranes encompass the entire lock chamber and move along rails laid along the chamber from the upper to the lower head.The cranes have cantilevers for travel of the grabs to the bank abutments or space between locks and can perform hoisting operations without using the auxiliary hoisting and transporting equipment: they service the main and guard gates and trash racks of the culverts; clean the trash racks by means of a flat-jaw grab, in which case the load relay of the suspension of the main hoist is switched from 80 to 20 tons; deliver freight to the lock pump houses in the bank abutments and interlock space; service the main and guard gates of the lock during assembly and repair (delivery of freight within the capacity of the crane -by an 80-ton-capacity hook); service the floating rings; remove the trash containers; remove submerged logs and other foreign objects from the lock chambers and area in front of the racks by means of a "Polyp" grab; and deliver freight to rooms of the oil-pumping plants through openings in the roofs of the rooms.Such a layout of the crane was accomplished earlier at the Krasnodar lock and produced favorable results.The use of such gantry cranes in combination with a crab for transverse hauling of freight in the interlock space made it possible to reduce the number of guard gates of the culverts.The gates of the Cheboksary lock are operated by hydraulic d...

The article considers the process of nutrition as a social and cultural phenomenon. The role and significance of nutrition in human life and society are shown. The paper analyzes public nutrition organizations in the cities of the Russian Far East as well as their types, their financial and territorial accessibility for citizens. There is a change in public nutrition practices and public nutrition organizations are increasingly turning from social objects to social and cultural ones. The food function goes into the background, and the functions of entertainment, recreation, and communication come to the fore. Public nutrition organizations are actively changing the city's material culture and the life of local communities