Background. Apoptosis is a natural process of genetically programmed cell death, which, however, is exposed to a number of external and internal factors. According to modern concepts, the number of cells, which are exposed to programmed death, depends on the ratio of activators and inhibitors of apoptosis, thus it can be considered as the result of imbalance of pro-and antiapoptotic factors in the body that affect certain cells. Dysregulation of apoptosis leads to various diseases coming from intensification or, conversely, inhibition of apoptosis. Vice versa, diseases, in particular critical ones, lead to evident pathology of apoptosis.Chronic metabolic stress because of hyperglycemia induced by sensory decrement of insulin with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) affects cellular homeostasis of almost all cell types.