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This study proposes an optimization design to improve the accuracy of fire risk models by combining the results of the UFSM (Urban Fire Spread Model, Japan) with the United States (US) Fire Simulation Software FDS6.7.3 (Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS). Using parallel processing, the simulation time was dramatically reduced, and this may assist the risk factor analysis of buildings in a large area. Fire destroyed all seven main structures of the Shuri Castle World Heritage site on 31 October 2019, and this tool may have identified risk factors, which could have been mitigated and potentially prevented the building loss. Other historical buildings may benefit from using this tool to identify their relevant risk factors. This study completed a full-scale simulation of the 76 m × 45 m × 15 m area, which contained the nine temples, with 6.4 million grids for a simulation time of 600 s in 45 h. This tool can assist in input-data risk factor analysis and contribute to the improvement of protection technology for cultural heritage buildings.

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This paper discusses the relationship between green buildings and fire safety from a higher perspective including the traditional fire factors, fire resilience, sustainable building SAFR, social, ecological, and economic fields. There is no need to sacrifice fire safety in the name of sustainability. There is no direct report of fire incidents with green design elements. However, indirectly from the characteristics of residents, green buildings have a high degree of intersection with vulnerable groups, which directly affects the life safety of green building fires. The gray water recycling design of sustainable buildings (green buildings) combined with a simple waterway-connected sprinkler system will be an excellent cooperation example between green (Green Design) and red (Fire Safety). Taiwan’s photovoltaic development plan is expected to reach the 500 MW in 2025, which is equivalent to 2.5% of the government’s promotion target of 20 GW. Whether a PV fire occurs during the day or night, photovoltaic modules will generate lethal electricity, which is a potential hazard to first responders and rescue team.