The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of two sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers (Styrosorb 514 and the magnetic material MMN200 based thereon) to adsorb bacteria and single cell fungi and compare it with the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in the hemoperfusion column Adsorba 300 (Gambro Co., Sweden). The sorbents under investigation based on polystyrene are distinguished by the presence of a large number of open micropores with diameters of 1.5-3 nm and macropores with diameters of up to 100 nm, resulting in a high specific surface area (806 m 2 /g for Styrosorb 514 and 580 m 2 /g for MMN200). The sorbents have been packed into miniature models of columns for perfusion through which suspensions of microorganisms B. subtilis, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae in physiological saline were filtered. Perfusion through the columns depressed the colony formation of B. subtilis and L. acidophilus by 95% and 90% for Styrosorb 514 and 84% and 91% for the carbon, respectively. After perfusion through MMN200, the index of colony formation inhibition for both tested cultures was 21% (B. subtilis) and 25% (L. acidophilus). In addition, the investigated sorbents were found to exert a pronounced influence on S. cer evisiae yeast cells by reducing their amount in the suspension and decreasing the proportion of live cells in the remaining fraction when compared to intact controls (by 82% and 26% for Styrosorb 514, 74% and 27% for carbon, and 76% and 12% for MMN200, respectively). Thus, the results indicate that the biporous sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers are distinguished by hemocompatibility and capable of eliminat ing different microorganisms, along with endogenous inflammation mediators and trigger factors provoking the development of organ and multiple organ failure. Therefore, the investigated sorbents can be effectively used for the treatment of patients with bacteriaemia, sepsis, and septic shock of different origins.

Цель исследования-изучить влияние метронидазола (МТ) на противоопухолевую активность и токсичность 5-фторурацила (5-ФУ). Материал и методы. Противоопухолевое действие 5-ФУ и его комбинации с МТ изучали по их влиянию на динамику роста in vivo меланомы В16 и карциномы яичников СаО-1 у мышей С57Вl/6 и CBA/Lac соответственно. Результаты. 5-ФУ тормозил рост карциномы яичников СаО-1 и достоверно не влиял на рост меланомы В16. Влияние радиомодификатора МТ на противоопухолевую активность цитостатика зависело от времени введения МТ. Введение МТ за 2 ч до инъекции 5-ФУ увеличивало противоопухолевое действие 5-ФУ у мышей с привитой карциномой СаО-1. При введении за 12 ч до 5-ФУ МТ не влиял на противоопухолевый эффект цитостатика. Комбинация 5-ФУ и МТ не преодолевала устойчивости меланомы В16 к 5-ФУ. МТ повышал токсичность 5-ФУ в 1,5-2 раза при введении за 4 ч до инъекции цитостатика. В результате такого усиления токсичности наблюдалось даже увеличение гибели животных. Заключение. В клинической практике временнóй интервал между приемом МТ и введением цитостатиков должен составлять не менее 30 ч с учетом соотношения периодов полуэлиминации препаратов в организме мышей и человека.

Diagnosis, treatment and designing an adequate strategy of neuroblastoma (NB) therapy in children is still a complicated tasks for pediatric oncology and hematology. One of the key aspects of NB control is detection and monitoring of minimal residual disease.The authors make a concise review of the up-to-date methods, such as immunocytochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, the methods of qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to estimate mRNA (RT-PCR and QRT-PCR), which are currently used for minimal residual disease detection in patients with NB. Disialoganglioside GD2, a specific NB marker, is traditionally determined by immunocytochemistry with fluorochromes that enhance its specificity, and by flow cytometry, as well. At present, FISH test is a gold standard for evaluation of the MYCN gen status in NB. A widely used multicolor flow cytometry method allows achieving high specificity of the analysis for NB diagnosis. RT-PCR may search for various targets to reveal NB cells, however, at the moment the only accepted immune target is tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. Moreover, the studies established that quantitative QRT-PCR has more advantages than traditional qualitative RT-PCR, since this method allows a more accurate and quantitative detection of one or several mRNAs in clinical samples. The review discusses advantages and disadvantages of the main methods currently used for minimal residual disease evaluation of NB cells, such as RT-PCR, flow cytometry, FISH, etc. Comparative studies included multicolor flow cytometry with various combinations of CD9/CD81/CD56/CD45/GD2 monoclonal antibodies, conventional RT-PCR and quantitative QRT-PCR to reveal circulating/disseminated NB cells in the clinical samples of cancer patients and healthy volunteers.The authors analyze the results of various studies that compared accuracy and sensitivity of diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR, flow cytometry, FISH and some others. Despite the advantages of each method, the authors emphasize that multicolor flow cytometry is the optimal approach for the rapid and reliable detection of minimal residual disease and micrometastases of NB.

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After removal of the primary tumor node, tumor-specific activity appears in the serum that blocks tumor growth in mice. This activity is observed at the time interval when activity of the tumor growth-stimulating factor is not determined. Administration of blood serum (0.1 ml) from mice with removed tumor to mice with CaO1 adenocarcinoma for 14 days led first to a stop of its growth, and then to tumor regression. The animals cured of adenocarcinoma lived for at least one year without signs of relapse. The cured animals did not develop resistance to repeated tumor transplantation. Repeated transplantation led to the growth of the new tumor. No cellular immune response was observed on histological slides of the regressing tumor. It was concluded that a serum factor is required for the growth of a tumor in the body and the state of the serum with blocked activity of this tumor-stimulating factor can be used for tumor treatment in oncology patients. This is the first result in the syngeneic system, when the tumor was cured by syngeneic serum proteins.