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Background:The exact staphylococcal antigenic determinants of anti-staphylococcal IgG and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) have not been determined. Results:The antigenic epitopes of the staphylococcal wall teichoic acid (WTA) for serum IgG and MBL are O-N-acetyl-Dglucosamine residues. Conclusion: The sugar moiety of WTA is an important molecular determinant in host responses to S. aureus. Significance: The results provide new insights into the host-pathogen interaction.

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Our analysis of procedural sedation based on anesthesia-related adverse events compiled in the national database revealed a high severity of patient injury similar to that due to general anesthesia. Most procedural sedations were shown to be poorly controlled without adequate pre-procedural patient evaluation or intraoperative monitoring. Thus, it is essential to establish proper practical guidelines for procedural sedation and ensure strict adherence to these guidelines, especially during the NAAP.