Childhood arterial hypertension (AH) has become a global problem not only for pediatrics, but also for public health in general.Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension among school-age children and diagnostic value of pulse pressure. Materials and methods.In total 848 children in 10-17 years of age (mean age -13.9 ± 0.06 years, 45.4 % boys and 54.6 % girls) from urban and rural areas of Chernivtsi region were examined in schools during screening for elevated blood pressure (BP). School-based ambulatory seated BP was measured by oscillometric automated recording devices with the age selection of cuffs. Elevated systolic (SAP) or diastolic (DAP) pressure was diagnosed in those children with indicators above the 95 th percentile of age norms in accordance with the national normative values. In cases of elevated BP the measurements were verificated by aneroid device.Results. It has been established that the frequency of high blood pressure in the examined school students was 25.2 %, including 17.7 % of arterial hypertension (BP above 95 percentile) and 7.5 % -pre-hypertension (90-95 percentile). The prevalence of hypertension varied with age subgroups and the highest level was in 16 years of age -29.9 % with high blood pressure (21.9 % above 95 percentile and 8.0 % between the 90 th and 95 th percentiles). Increased SAP was combined with an increased DAP in 47.3 % of cases and in the study had a positive correlation with overweight (r = 0.27, p < 0.05) and negative with physical performance (r = -0.21, p < 0.05). The pulse pressure had significant correlations with SAP, AH and overweight and it could be used as additional diagnostic index of AH.Conclusions. The prevalence of elevated BP in our study is higher than in European countries and exceeds 20 % of the child population. The elevated BP in our children has positive correlation with overweight and the negative with physical performance. The level of pulse pressure has significant correlation with SAP and overweight and it could be used as additional diagnostic index of AH.Артеріальна гіпертензія та пульсовий тиск у дітей шкільного вікуДитяча артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) стала глобальною проблемою не тільки для педіатрії, але й для охорони громад-ського здоров'я загалом.Мета роботи -визначити поширеність артеріальної гіпертензії (АГ) серед дітей шкільного віку та діагностичну значу-щість пульсового тиску.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено у школах під час скринінгу на підвищений артеріальний тиск 848 дітей віком від 10 до 17 років (середній вік -13,9 ± 0,06 року, 45,4 % хлопчиків і 54,6 % дівчаток) із міських і сільських районів Чернівецької області. В умовах школи у дітей у положенні сидячи вимірювали кров'яний тиск осцилометричними автоматизованими тонометрами з віковим підбором манжет. Підвищений систолічний або діастолічний тиск діагностували в дітей із по-казниками вище 95 перцентиля вікової норми відповідно до національних нормативних значень. У випадках гіпертензії тиск верифікувався за допомогою анероїдного т...

The paper analyzes the principles of feeding infants of the first year of life, which modern mothers adhere to. A total of 87 infants aged under one year who were breast-fed have been examined. It is shown that the approaches to feeding children and introducing complementary feeding guidelines are somewhat different from the international recommendations on supporting breastfeeding. The main difficulties faced by the mother during natural breastfeeding an infant have been mentioned and analyzed.

Taste is the type of sensitivities that helps human organism to identify and consume nutrients and to avoid indigestible and dangerous materials. The lower taste sensitivity usually is following by food gradients overconsumption, influenced food choice and food preferences, which contributes, in a cumulative manner, to health status. The objective of the study was examination of children taste oral sensation in association with anthropometric data, resting blood pressure and other factors. Material and methods. In study 169 participants in age 10-17 years were included for assessment of salt and sweet taste sensitivities, structure and quality of nutrition, food preferences, anthropometric data, chronotype, blood pressure. Results. The low taste sensitivity to salt minimal concentrations was registered in 50 persons (29.6%) and to sweets-60 persons (35.5%). Difference between males and females in taste sensitivities level was not established. The association between systolic blood pressure and the salt taste sensitivities was shown in regression model with inclusion of some anthropometric data. Elevated systolic blood pressure significantly correlates with excessive body mass, with heart beat rate and low salt sensitivity. Regarding patients chronotype we found out higher frequency of arterial hypertension in cases with evening type. Conclusions. The taste sensitivity examination is simple in execution but gives additional data for risk factor assessment. Compared with the group of children with normal sensitivity persons with low sensitivity have higher risk of overweight, salt and sweet overconsumption and arterial hypertension.

The goal - to analyze the features of treatment and medical expenses in childrenhospitalized for acute bronchitis.Material and methods. The study analyzed medical records and examined 30 childrenaged 3 to 11 years hospitalized for acute bronchitis. Peculiarities of clinical symptoms,structure of the treatment measures and their cost were studiedThe results. The length of hospital stay was 7.4 ± 0.53 days with subsequent therapyand rehabilitation in an outpatient setting. Antibiotics, antipyretics, antihistamines,mucolytics and corticosteroid hormones were used in the treatment. The total cost ofone case treatment was on average 674.2 ± 80.9 hryvnias. The most expensive werethe costs of infusion therapy and antibiotics, which were prescribed to about a third ofpatients, and the cheapest - antipyretics. Taking into account the age of the children, theacute nature of the process, antibiotics’ use from the reserve group was irrational andsignificantly increased the cost of the treatment.Conclusions. The introduction of a new model of medicine has a positive effect onthe optimization of acute bronchitis treatment tactics from shifting the emphasis fromintensive antibacterial therapy to the restoration of mucociliary clearance. The choiceof antibacterial drugs was still an irrational, from a clinical and economic point ofview.