Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that tends to be accumulated in crops, poses great risks to human health through the food chain. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying differences in their DBP accumulation, the root physiological and proteomic responses to DBP stress of two Brassica parachinensis cultivars, a high-DBP accumulator (Huaguan) and a low-DBP accumulator (Lvbao), were investigated. Root damage of greater severity and significantly greater (p < 0.05) decreases in root protein content and root activity were detected in Lvbao than in Huaguan, suggesting that Lvbao had lower tolerance to DBP. In total, 52 DBP-responsive proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. More proteins involved in basic metabolic processes, such as protein synthesis and energy metabolism, were downregulated in Lvbao, possibly explaining its lower tolerance and root damage. Several proteins involved in starch metabolism, cell-wall biosynthesis and modification, and stress response were activated in Huaguan, suggesting greater tolerance to DBP. Overall, differences in root proteome between the two cultivars might be responsible for the genotype-dependent DBP tolerance and accumulation in B. parachinensis.
Purpose: The main objective of the study was to translate, validate, and compare the Chinese ORTO scales (ORTO-15 and ORTO-R). The secondary objective was to assess factors that may be related with risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON). Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted on March-to-June 2021 for ORTO-15) and April 2022 (ORTO-R). ORTO questionnaires were translated into Chinese using the forward-backward-forward method. Exploratory factor analysis, discriminant validity and con rmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the construct validity of the assessment questionnaires. The internal consistency was assessed by using the Cronbach alpha coe cient and the test-retest reliability. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore potential impact factors related with ON scores.Results: Totally, 1289 and1084 eligible participants were included for the study of ORTO-15 and ORTO-R, with the mean age of 20.9±2.0 years and 21.0±2.3 years. The internal consistency of Chinese ORTO-15 scale and ORTO-R scale were both satisfactory (α=0.79, ICC=0.79; α=0.77, ICC=0.82). A two-factor solution of ORTO-R was characterized by acceptable goodness-of-t, whereas the three-factor solution of ORTO-15 showed relatively poor t. Multivariate linear regression indicated that physical activities and mental disorders were positively associated with ON risk assessed by both ORTO-R and ORTO-15. Conclusion:The Chinese ORTO-R scale were a more reliable tool to screen for ON tendencies than the Chinese version of ORTO-15. Mental disorders and physical activities might be associated with the increased ON risk.Level of evidence Level V (descriptive cross-sectional study).
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