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Inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are identified as the leading cause of upper respiratory disorders. Nose breathing is of crucial importance to provide the entry for air to get into the respiratory system. In addition to oxygen saturation, nose breathing provides the exchange of air in the paranasal sinuses. This process is required to maintain normal microflora of the nasal cavity. In contrast, mouth breathing occurring during the inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity is associated with discomfort and poor health-related quality of life and results in inflammation. Viral inflammatory disorders often exacerbate a patient’s condition and provoke bacterial inflammation. Recent widespread occurrence of antimicrobial resistance forced to change the paradigm in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and to refocus on time-proved topical therapies. Systemic antibiotics are now used only for strict indications. Other treatment options are widely applied. Thus, silver preparations characterized by antiseptic and bactericidal properties allow to avoid complications and to aid the recovery. They are the best choice of topical agents for treating acute rhinosinusitis. KEYWORDS: acute rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis, acute respiratory viral infections, antibacterial drugs, topical treatment, argentum proteinate. FOR CITATION: Ovchinnikov A.Yu., Miroshnichenko N.A., Nikolaeva Yu.O. Effective and safe treatment for the inflammatory diseases of the nose and nasopharynx. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):238–242. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-238-242.

Introduction. Antihistamines are the most commonly prescribed class of medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, they are also widely used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. One such drug is levocytirizine, (R) an enantiomer of cetirizine, which is a selective antagonist of peripheral histamine H1-receptors. This article analyzes the properties of levocytirizine in terms of safety and efficacy in allergic rhinitis.Aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of levocetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) versus placebo, and safety for patients with allergic rhinitis.Materials and methods. In this, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 52 patients with year-round allergic rhinitis and 28 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomized to receive levocetirizine 5 mg/day once or placebo. Mean overall measures of five symptoms (nasal congestion, nasal itching, itchy eyes, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) were compared between treatment groups at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. All individual symptom scores were also examined.Results. Levocetirizine showed a significant improvement in the condition of patients with CAR and SAR over the entire treatment period compared to placebo. Assessment of individual symptoms showed statistically significant differences in favor of levocetirizine. Conclusion. Levocetirizine is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.