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In this paper we consider the properties of fractal aggregates suspended in the Earth atmosphere. Fractal aggregates (FA) are now well established to appear in numerous natural and anthropogenic processes. Their role in the atmosphere is immense, for FA possess anomalous physico-chemical, mechanical and optical properties making them extremely effective atmospheric agents. The main goal of this paper is to overview the mechanisms of FA formation, their properties, to discuss sources and sinks of the atmospheric FA and their possible contribution into intra-atmospheric processes and influence on the public health.

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Abstract. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) was the most significant international scientific event in geophysical sciences in the history of mankind. This was the largest international experiment that brought together about 300 000 scientists from 67 countries. Well-planned activity of national and international committees was organized for the first time. The history of the IGY organization and complex international experiments in planetary geophysics conducted within its program are discussed in this article. Special attention is given to the estimation of the significance of this project for developing worldwide geophysical research.