The luminous environment in a space is one of the key factors affecting the occupants' work performance and mood. An illuminance value is quantitatively standardised and recommended for a specific space, but correlated colour temperature (CCT) is not. Although some studies on CCT conditions have shown that higher CCT conditions appear brighter to people than lower CCT conditions, other studies have indicated that there is no relationship between brightness perception and CCT conditions. This paper reports the results of two subjective evaluations of different CCTs on personal preferences: brightness perception, subjective impression and work performance; and describes suitable CCT conditions for a specific space and activities. One subjective evaluation (field test) was performed with four different CCT fluorescent lamps in an office space, and another (photo-image test) was performed with pictures under four different CCT conditions in an office, living room and bedroom. The results were statistically analysed for gender, preferred CCT, suitable CCT of each space and brightness sensitivity. The results showed that people preferred different CCT due to the purpose of a space, and different CCT conditions for specific activities performed in that space. The study suggests that changeable CCT lightings are better than fixed CCT for occupants in a space.

Male sterility is widely used in the production of hybrid seeds in rice, but the use of genic male sterility is limited because of the high labour cost for maintaining male‐sterile lines. Previous studies using T‐DNA insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that disrupting the expression of oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 (OPR3), which is involved in the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway, results in a kind of male sterility that can be restored to fertility by exogenous jasmonate in Arabidopsis. Here, we created male‐sterile mutations by editing the second and fourth exons of OsOPR7 in rice through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated system 9. The induced mutagenesis at these exons resulted in 31.8% and 23.9% male‐sterile plants in the T0 generation, respectively. We screened male‐sterile lines that can be restored to fertility by exogenous methyl jasmonate in the T0, T1 and T2 rice populations and characterized the anther and agronomic traits of the transgenic plants. Results showed the successful generation of male‐sterile lines through the silencing of OsOPR7, the orthologous gene of Arabidopsis OPR3, in a field crop, paving the way for the establishment of a two‐line system for rice hybrid production. The system consists of a male‐sterile line that can be maintained by spraying methyl jasmonate and a restoring line that confers pollen.

A plasma diagnostic method using intermodulation frequencies is developed. When dual-frequency (ω1,ω2) voltage signals are applied to a probe, the intermodulation frequencies (ω2±ω1, ω2±2ω1) between the signals are generated due to the nonlinearity of the sheath. From the analysis of the intermodulation frequencies, the plasma parameters, such as the electron temperature and the plasma density, can be obtained. The measured plasma parameters from this method are compared to the results from the measured electron energy distribution function, and they are in good agreement. Because the intermodulation currents originated from the plasma not from the stray component of the measurement system, an accurate measurement of the plasma parameters is achievable.

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