Smooth muscle tissue represents a complicated and dynamical ensemble of smooth muscle cells characterized by different structural-methabolical parameters. In the composition of smooth muscle tissue a group of cell elements (cells of Cajal, ICC) is incorporated. Their structural organization and localization in smooth muscle tissue allow to consider them an important component of the system responsible for functional activity regulation. The goal of the study was to get a reliable technology for ICC isolation. The method of the alkaline cell dissociation was used. Isolated smooth cells of different organs were studied. Our findings have shown that the cells we have got by the method of cell dissosiation had clear stable morphological parameters of the interstitial cells of Cajal.

We have studied transformation of smooth muscular tissue (SMT) of the uterus wall of rats after delivery and used the light and electronic microscopy and the immunohistochemical method. The study of different parts of the uterus in the process of involution has shown different levels of SMT structure functional reorganization. It can be explained by different speed of the involutive processes and peculiarities of the loading functions. The complete involution of the myometrium of the rats’ horns was reached in 7 days after delivery. The same process in the cervix took more time, and correlated increased small cells population. We found that disappearance of large cells became the main factor of SMT reconstruction in all the parts of the uterus during the period after the delivery, the large cells were characterized by a low level of adaptation to the changing factors. The mechanism of the cells disappearance and reconstruction of the population structure depended on apoptosis and proliferation of smooth muscular cells.

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the human uterine tube isthmus have been studied in two groups — healthy nonpregnant women who underwent surgical sterilization and patients with ectopic (ampullar) pregnancies. The method of target cell dissociation was used. An analysis was performed using the methods of morphometry and quantitative histochemistry (including the analysis of nuclear DNA content, and cytoplasmic protein content). Three types of myocytes with different structural-metabolic parameters have been revealed. The comparative analysis of intact and affected SM of the tubal isthmus demonstrated changes in the structure of leiomyocytes population, optic density of cytoplasmic protein and proliferative activity of myocytes.