The main indicators of soil fertility based on the results of an agrochemical survey of agricultural lands in Chernivtsi region in the XI round (2016–2020) are given. It was established that the acidity of the soil solution in the region is dominated by lands close to neutral (31.8%) and neutral (36.5%). The weighted average indicator of saline pH is 5.8, which corresponds to a close to neutral reaction of the soil solution. According to the level of humus provision, soils with an average humus content prevail (66.7%), and the weighted average humus content in the region is 2.7%. According to the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, most of the lands have very low (48.3%) and low nitrogen content (48.7%). The weighted average indicator of easily hydrolysable nitrogen content for the reporting period is 106.4 mg/kg of soil, which corresponds to the low availability of this element. The region is dominated by lands with an average content of mobile phosphorus compounds (31.5%) and the average weighted indicator of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds is 56 mg/kg, which corresponds to average availability. In terms of the content of mobile compounds of potassium, lands with a very high content of potassium prevail (51.5%), although the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile compounds of potassium is 78 mg/kg, which corresponds to the average supply of the macroelement. It was established that in the Chernivtsi region the largest area is occupied by soils of average quality (68.5%), and the weighted average assessment of agricultural land in the Chernivtsi region is 51. A comparison of the quality assessment of the soils of the Chernivtsi region for the 10th (2011–2015) and 11th rounds (2016–2020) of agrochemical surveys was made. The results showed that the quality of the soils in the Kelmentsi and Kitsman districts has hardly changed. The soil quality assessment of Novoselytskyi, Hertsaivskyi, Vyzhnytskyi and Hlybotskyi districts improved by 3–6 points. The qualitative assessment of the condition of the lands of Khotynskyi (+8 points), Storozhynetskyi (+13 points) and Sokyryanskyi (+19 points) districts improved significantly. A decrease in land quality indicators was recorded in Zastavnivskyi (–3 points) and Putilskyi (–4 points) districts.

It is highlighted that the current state of agricultural landscapes is characterized by a significant increase in the area of eroded arable land, which amounts to about 11 million hectares, and eroded agricultural lands — more than 13 million hectares (32.0% of their total area). Modern land-tenancy relations do not contribute to the implementation of measures to protect and increase soil fertility and have a negative effect on their fertility. In the process of using the soil cover, the needs and requirements of the ecobalance are ignored, as a result of which agricultural land is exhaustingly exploited. Soils lose a significant part of humus and such trends continue. Degradation processes are most observed in soils where agricultural techniques were violated, unfounded changes in the hydrological regime of the territory were carried out by irrigation and drainage meliorations, pollution by agrochemicals and industrial emissions occurred, which led to the removal of significant areas of productive land from active agricultural use. It has been established that the process of pollution manifests itself differently and depends on the types of harmful substances, their concentration in the soil environment and toxicity, on the natural properties and characteristics of the soil cover. It is proposed that the suitability of the soils of the contaminated lands should reflect the natural and acquired over time properties of their quality state. The combination of these properties is possible on the basis of establishing the boundaries of contaminated land on soil maps. This will make it possible to determine the area, composition of agricultural production groups and characteristics of the natural state of contaminated soils, humus content, depth of humus profiles, granulometric composition, etc. The established processes that cause various types of degradation require further processing of the parameters of indicators of crisis phenomena. It is emphasized that in the classification of processes leading to the degradation of agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay attention to the economic activity that leads to soil degradation and which is reflected in the dynamics of the structure of cultivated areas; spread of phytoviruses of different taxonomic groups in agricultural plants, weeds, wild plants and soil of different ecological regions of Ukraine; handling of waste of I–IV hazard classes.

The main indicators of soil fertility based on the results of an agrochemical survey of agricultural lands of Lviv region in the XI round (2016–2020) are given. It was established that the acidity of the soil solution in the region is dominated by lands with a neutral reaction of the soil solution (31.3%). The weighted average indicator of saline pH is 6.0, which corresponds to a close to neutral reaction of the soil solution. According to the level of humus provision, soils with an average humus content prevail (36.1%) and the weighted average humus content in the region is 2.6%. According to the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, most of the lands have a low (60.4%) and medium nitrogen content (18.0%). The weighted average indicator of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content for the reporting period is 125.6 mg/kg of soil, which corresponds to the low availability of this element. The region is dominated by lands with increased (25.1%) and high content of mobile phosphorus compounds (25.3%) and the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds is 107.2 mg/kg, which corresponds to increased availability. In terms of the content of mobile potassium compounds, lands with average potassium content (30.3%) prevail and the weighted average indicator of the content of mobile potassium compounds is 72.2 mg/kg, which corresponds to the average supply with macro element. It was established that in Lviv region, the largest area is occupied by soils of average quality (52.2%), and the average weighted assessment of agricultural land in Lviv region is 43. A comparison of the qualitative assessment of the soils of Lviv region for the X (2011–2015) and XI rounds (2016–2020) of agrochemical examinations is carried out. The results established that the quality of the soils in the Starosambir, Mostysky, Radekhiv and Drohobytsky districts has hardly changed. The quality assessment of the soils of Busky, Zhovkivskyi, Kamianka-Buskyi and Sokalskyi districts improved by 2–4 points, the qualitative assessment of the land condition of Peremyshlyanskyi, Zolochivskyi and Yavorivskyi districts improved by 7-19 points. A decrease in land quality indicators by 2-5 points was recorded in Brodivskyi, Pustomytivskyi, Sambirskyi and Stryiskyi districts, indicators of the qualitative assessment of land condition in Zhydachivskyi and Mykolaivskyi districts worsened by 12-13 points.

Досліджено стан забруднення ґрунтів сільськогосподарських угідь Чернівецької області рухомими формами міді, цинку, свинцю, кадмію, кобальту та марганцю . Встановлено, що вміст рухомих сполук цинку, міді та марганцю у ґрунтах Чернівецької області знаходиться переважно на рівні фонових значень. Загальна площа земель із різним ступенем забруднення сполуками свинцю по Чернівецькій області складає 62,9 % обстеженої площі, 66 % обстеженої площі ґрунтів забруднено рухомими сполуками кадмію, а  0,3% обстеженої площі області забруднено рухомими сполуками кобальту.

The article highlights the ecological danger of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in ten soil samples taken from agricultural lands of Sumy and Okhtyrka districts of Sumy region are presented. Three samples were taken from the places where air bombs had fallen, seven from the places of broken military equipment. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the background level in terms of lead content was exceeded in all soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted territories was 5.4 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background level in terms of zinc content was noted in nine out of ten soil samples, the average content of the element in the polluted areas was 3.9 times higher than the background value. The average content of cadmium in the polluted territories was 1.4 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in eight soil samples). Exceeding the background value of the gross copper content was found in eight soil samples, on average, according to the experiment, the copper content is 4.6 times higher than the background value. Exceeding the background value for the content of nickel and iron was noted only in three soil samples, and the average content of the elements exceeded the background value by 1.2 and 1.1 times. The average manganese content in the polluted areas was 4.8 times higher than the background value (the excess was noted in six soil samples). Based on the results of the research, it was established that the gross content of lead (in six soil samples), zinc and manganese (in two soil samples), and copper (in five soil samples) from the sites of hostilities exceeded the permissible limits. The content of gross forms of cadmium and nickel did not exceed the MPC. A significantly higher coefficient of variation of the content of gross forms of heavy metals in the combat zone, compared to the content outside the combat zone (background value), may indicate the intensity of the influence of a negative factor on the soil cover. The highest degree of disturbance of the ground cover as a result of hostilities was noted in the places of burned equipment (the villages of Kosivshchyna, Stare Selo, Nyzy, Sumy district, Sumy region). According to the results of the correlation analysis, an extremely strong dependence was established between the content of the studied forms of heavy metals.