In order to analyze and optimize the influencing factors of dance health and training safety, response surface methodology is applied to dance health and training safety in this study. Response surface methodology is an optimization method that integrates experimental design and mathematical modeling. It can effectively reduce the number of experiments, provide visual contour maps and three-dimensional diagrams, and investigate the interaction between influencing factors. This paper introduces the basic definition, model construction principle, and characteristics of the response surface method and expounds the test scheme design, model establishment, model inspection, model optimization, and other aspects of the response surface method combined with an example of analysis of influencing factors of dance health and training safety. The results show that the response surface method is an optimization method of comprehensive experiment design and mathematical modeling, which can effectively reduce the number of experiments for the analysis of influencing factors of dance health and training safety and can investigate the interaction between influencing factors.