Objective. To explore the effect of the overall nursing mode of responsibility system on the psychological state of elderly patients with limb fractures fixed by splints. Methods. This study selected 150 elderly patients who received emergency treatment of a limb fracture fixed by a traditional Chinese medicine splint in our hospital from May 2018 to June 2021 as the research subjects. They were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 75 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by traditional nursing mode, and the research group was intervened by responsible overall nursing mode. The quality of nursing work was observed and compared with the nursing staff’s work quality and satisfaction, patients’ psychological states and satisfaction, and the risk of clinical adverse events. Results. After management, the quality of nursing work in the two groups was significantly improved. Compared with before management, the scores of basic nursing measures, nursing of critical patients, ward environment management, disinfection and isolation, rescue drugs and instruments, and nursing document management in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group P < 0.05 . After management, the work quality and satisfaction of nurses in the two groups were significantly higher than those before management. The SERVQUAL scale score and satisfaction score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group P < 0.05 . The scores of HAMA and HAMD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group P < 0.05 . The overall satisfaction of nursing in the observation group was 96.00%, which was significantly higher than the 80.00% in the control group P < 0.05 . The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 8.00%, which was significantly lower than 17.33% in the control group P < 0.05 . Conclusion. Giving elderly patients with limb fracture emergencies treated with splint fixation using traditional Chinese medicine the overall nursing mode management and responsibility system can give the elderly patients comprehensive and systematic clinical nursing, increase their trust and compliance with nursing work, improve the patient’s psychological state, improve clinical satisfaction, and achieve the ideal doctor-patient relationship, which is worthy of clinical application.