Objective. To compare the corneal asphericity and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) with Smart Pulse Technology (SPT) assisted transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans-PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism correction. Methods. This prospective study analyzed 88 eyes of 44 patients treated with FS-LASIK and 64 eyes of 32 patients treated with Trans-PRK. All eyes had low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism (spherical equivalent (SE) <−6.00 diopters). The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), SE, asphericity (Q value) of the anterior corneal surface, index of surface variance (ISV), corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), vertical coma (Z3−1), horizontal coma (Z31), and spherical aberration (Z40) over a 6 mm diameter central corneal zone diameter were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results. At 6 months, the UDVA and SE were −0.14 ± 0.06 and 0.33 ± 0.33D in FS-LASIK and −0.15 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.37D in Trans-PRK. There was no difference between the two groups in the postoperative UDVA and SE ( P > 0.05 ). After FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK, the Q values in the 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm zones and ISV of the anterior corneal surface significantly increased ( P < 0.001 ). At 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, corneal HOA, Z3-1, Z31, and Z40 in both groups were significantly increased compared with those before surgery, with statistically significant differences ( P < 0.001 ). At 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, the Z3−1 of the Trans-PRK group was significantly lower than that of the FS-LASIK group ( P < 0.001 ). ΔHOA and ΔZ40 were dramatically correlated with the ΔQ value for both FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK procedures. The ΔQ was significantly correlated with the preoperative SE, AD, and AD/CCT after both two procedures (all P < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Both FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK caused the anterior corneal surface to become flatter, and the morphology of the corneal surface was irregular. Corneal HOAs were significantly increased after the two procedures. Trans-PRK using SPT introduced less corneal vertical coma than FS-LASIK. Corneal asphericity changes contributed to the corneal aberrations changes following FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and DED-related anxiety and depression tendencies, as well as the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with DED of different age groups. This was a cross-sectional study involving 160 patients with DED and 80 healthy individuals aged 20–65 years. All participants completed the investigation of the demographic characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, and underwent objective clinical eye examinations. In patients aged 20–40 years, anxiety and depression scores were correlated with OSDI, sleep disorders, and Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA). In patients with DED aged 41−65 years, anxiety scores were correlated with sleep disorders, the level of DED impact on life and work, and the severity of DED. Depression scores were correlated with sleep disorders and the severity of DED. The results indicated that the tendency for anxiety and depression was closely associated with DED and sleep disorders. Moreover, the factors affecting anxiety and depression in patients varied with age.

Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between multiple higher-order aberrations (HOAs) subgroups and pupil offset, as well as to analyze the factors affecting postoperative corneal HOAs in patients with different degrees of refractive errors. Methods We enrolled 160 patients (316 eyes) aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) treatment. Based on the relationship between the preoperative pupil offset and the postoperative ΔHOAs, all patients were divided into two groups: group I (pupil offset ≤ 0.20 mm) and group II (pupil offset > 0.20 mm). All of the eyes had low to high myopia with or without astigmatism (manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) < -10.00 D). Uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, MRSE, pupil offset, central corneal thickness, corneal HOAs, vertical coma (Z3 − 1), horizontal coma (Z31), spherical aberration (Z40), trefoil 0° (Z33), and trefoil 30° (Z3 − 3) over a 6 mm diameter central corneal zone diameter were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results Our result revealed significant differences in postoperative corneal total root mean square (RMS) HOAs, RMS vertical coma, RMS horizontal coma, RMS spherical aberration, and RMS trefoil 30° between group I and group Ⅱ. ΔMRSE was found to be an effective factor for ΔRMS HOAs (R2 = 0.383), ΔRMS horizontal coma (R2 = 0.205), and ΔRMS spherical aberration (R2 = 0.397). In group II, multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between preoperative pupillary offset and Δtotal RMS HOAs (R2 = 0.461), ΔRMS horizontal coma (R2 = 0.040), and ΔRMS trefoil 30°(R2 = 0.089). The ΔRMS vertical coma effect factor is the Y-component, and the factor influencing ΔRMS spherical aberration was ΔMRSE (R2 = 0.256). Conclusion A small pupil offset was associated with a lower induction of postoperative corneal HOAs. Efforts to optimize centration are critical for improving surgical outcomes in patients with FS-LASIK.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of pupil offset in young Asian adults with myopia. Methods In total, 1200 eyes (600 young adults, 18–35 years old) were divided into mild-moderate and high groups according to equivalent spherical diopters (SEQ). The pupil offset and its X and Y components were compared between the groups. Linear correlation was analyzed among pupil offset, X and Y components, and SEQ. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for pupil offset and eye parameters. Results The mean age of all subjects was 22.5 ± 4.8 years. The mean magnitude of the pupil offset (0.18 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.15 ± 0.08 mm) and Y component (0.12 ± 0.08 mm vs. 0.10 ± 0.07 mm) were larger in the high group than in the mild-moderate group ( P < 0.05). The magnitude of pupil offset, X and Y components, and SEQ were positively correlated. The pupil center (PC) of the right eye in the mild-moderate group was mainly superotemporal to the corneal vertex and mainly superonasal for the left eye and both eyes in the high group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the magnitude of pupil offset correlated with central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and mean corneal curvature ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The magnitude of the pupil offset that correlated with partial eye parameters and its X and Y components increased as the SEQ increased, and the PC gradually shifted toward the superonasal direction in young Asian adults with myopia. Translational Relevance Subjects with high myopia with a larger pupil offset should be considered for better postoperative visual quality during refractive surgery.