and the reflection losses are better than 12 dB throughout the pass band for both cases.In addition, a two-cell CRLH filter is designed at a center frequency of 1.8 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 110% following the procedure expanded in [10]. The design values of the CRLH unit cell are C R ¼ 0.5 pF, L R ¼ 1.6 nH, C L ¼ 2.2 pF, and L L ¼ 4.3 nH. This gives a À3 dB lower cutoff of f 1 ¼ 0.8 GHz and an upper cutoff f 2 ¼ 2.8 GHz. The circuit was implemented using standard surface mount devices (SMD).To implement the notch filter, the ENZ tunnel is connected to the CRLH filter as shown in Figure 5(b). The CRLH filter along the tunnel structure is simulated using [8]. Figure 7 shows the simulated and experimental S 21 and S 11 responses. The simulated notch frequency is read at 1.85 GHz with a reflection loss of about 26 dB and an insertion loss of 1.3 dB. For the experimental response the return loss is 18 dB at the center frequency (1.94 GHz) and an insertion loss of 2 dB is recorded. The experimental 3 dB pass band is 2.14 GHz (from 1.15 to 3.29 GHz). There is a slight frequency shift of 0.2 GHz to lower frequencies in the experiment compared with the simulation. This frequency shift is thought to be because of parasitic effects of the SMD components, the effects of the vias to ground and the mismatch between the microstrip line width and the width of the SMD components. However, good agreement is observed between simulation and experiment. CONCLUSIONSA miniaturized HM substrate integrated ENZ tunnel has been demonstrated. It was shown that this structure allows only one frequency to tunnel through because of the static-like behavior when epsilon is near zero. Subsequently, the tunnel was connected to a CRLH filter in a decoupling mode to reject unwanted frequencies. Good agreement is seen between experimental and simulated results. ABSTRACT: In this study, a dielectric corrugated antenna, as being a feed horn antenna of the reflector antenna for satellite communication applications, is analyzed. The structure consists of a conical dielectric corrugated antenna terminated with a conductor hyperbolic (convex) plate. The antenna system provides a Gaussian beam within wide frequency bandwidth with its dielectric structure. The antenna is simulated and tested for its return loss and radiation performances, and the satisfactory results are obtained for C band satellite communication applications.

Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of programmed cell death signaling. Here, we report the finding of a mitochondrial matrix-targeted protein phosphatase 2C family member (PP2Cm) that regulates mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and is essential for cell survival, embryonic development, and cardiac function. PP2Cm is highly conserved among vertebrates, with the highest expression levels detected in the heart and brain. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of PP2Cm resulted in cell death associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured cardiac mycoytes and an induction of hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo. PP2Cm-deficient mitochondria showed elevated susceptibility to calcium-induced MPTP opening, whereas mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activities were not affected. Finally, inactivation of PP2Cm in developing zebrafish embryos caused abnormal cardiac and neural development as well as heart failure associated with induced apoptosis. These data suggest that PP2Cm is a novel mitochondrial protein phosphatase that has a critical function in cell death and survival, and may play a role in regulating the MPTP opening.[Keywords: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore; protein phosphatase; cell death; heart failure; developmental defects; zebrafish] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract