The prolidase activity in serum and in erythrocytes was measured in 28 healthy mothers and in the cord blood of their newborn babies in using a modified Chinard method. 45 healthy non-pregnant women aged between 15-36 years formed a control group. Biochemical parameters (CK, BUN, C-peptid, AFP, Uric acid) were also measured. The serum and erythrocyte prolidase activities in maternal blood were 45.8+/-13.4 U/L and 37.8+/-2.7 U/g Hb respectively. There was no significant difference in the enzyme activities between pregnant women and the control group (p>0.05). However serum and erythrocyte prolidase activity in cord blood (20.3+/-8.2 U/L and 31.6+/-7.3 U/g Hb) was significantly different when compared with control group (53.4+/-14.7 U/L in serum and 42.3+/-10.3 U/g Hb in erythrocyte, p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between maternal and cord blood serum enzyme activity (r: 0.76 p<0.01). This correlation was also shown in erythrocyte prolidase activities of both groups (r: 0.49, p<0.05). Cord blood prolidase activity was positively correlated with birth weight (r: 0.89, p<0.01). Prolidase activity in cord blood was low even though collagen turnover is increased in fetal growth.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the reasons for postmenopausal bleeding that originated from the uterus in cases who consulted our menopausal clinic.Methods: Sixty-eight patients who visited the Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Training and Research Hospital meopausal clinic with the complaint of postmeopausal bleeding were included in this prospective study. Systematic and gynecological examinations were conducted on these patients when they first visited. The age of the patients, last menstruation dates, characteristics of the vaginal bleeding, whether the patients had undergone hormone replacement treatment or not, number of pregnancies, whether they had a systematic disease or not, and alcohol consumption and smoking were investigated and recorded. Patients who had uterine bleeding that originated from the vagina and that was related to a systematic disease were excluded. The patients' vagina and vulva were examined, with the patient in the dorsolithotomy position on the gynecological table. Each patient underwent a smear test, followed by a transvaginal ultrasound.Results: The average age of the 68 patients who were included was 57 years, with the youngest aged 45 years and the oldest aged 83 years. As a result of the sampling done with these 68 patients, endometrium cancer was observed in six of them, with three of them aged over 65 years. In our study, 8.8% patients were detected with endometrium cancer. There are six nullipara patients according to the number of births and four of them were diagnosed with endometrium cancer. The menopause period of five of these six patients who were diagnosed with endometrium cancer was over 10 years. For the other reasons of postmenopausal bleeding, it was detected that atrophy in our series was 41.2%, hyperplasia was 7.4%, polyp was 35.3%, submucous myoma was 2.9%, cervical cancer was 2.9%, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-2 was 1.5%. In one of the cases who was diagnosed with endometrium cancer, the thickness of the endometrium was detected as 11 mm, and in the rest of the cases, this thickness was 20 mm. Conclusion:Beside obviously seeing the benefit of getting a prior knowledge for the patients about the endometrium by detecting the thickness of the endometrium by conducting transvaginal ultrasonography on the patients who have postmenopausal bleeding, in the postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial curettage is the golden standard. (JAREM 2016; 6: 78-83)

INTRODUCTIONIn terms of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, when unfavorable obstetric outcomes are a concern, small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macrosomia, premature birth, and preeclampsia are some of the major etiological factors. In terms of a newborn's health and development, considering the maternal risk factors that can be changed and the interventions that can be performed in order to prevent these factors, the development of tests that can predetermine a probable developmental delay is of great importance.We aimed to demonstrate whether there is a relationship between fetal birth weight and biological marker results (hCG: human chorionic gonadotropin; MSAFP: maternal serum alphafetoprotein; uE3: unconjugated estriol) in the maternal serum studied during aneuploidy screening in the second trimester. METHODSIn the present study, 425 pregnant women who had been admitted to the Ege Obstetrics and Gynecology Training and Research Hospital and who had completed their triple tests in our hospital and gave mature birth in 2009 were retrospectively examined. The infants were divided into five groups, namely 5, 10, 50, 90, and 95 percentiles, according to their birth weights. The number of patients in the groups was 26, 63, 359, 27, and 8, respectively. The babies who were suitable for inclusion in the 50th percentile group were considered as the control group. The results of hCG, AFP, and E3, which were used for the triple scan test in the second trimester, were found in the archive of our hospital laboratory, while the birth results were obtained from our hospital birth records.Babies with a fetal anomaly, pregnant women with gestational diabetes and hypertension, pregnant women who had chronic We aimed at determining whether there was a relationship between the fetus weight and biochemical markers (hCG, MSAFP, and unconjugateed estriol) results that were studied in the maternal serum during the aneuploidy screening in the second trimester.Methods: In our study, 425 pregnant women who had completed their triple scan tests and who gave mature birth in our Ege Obstetrics and Birth Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively examined. The babies were divided into groups that were suitable for 5%, 10%, 50%, 90%, and 95% according to their birth weight. The number of patients in the groups was 26, 63, 359, 27, and 8, respectively. The babies who were suitable for 50% were the control group. The results of hCG, AFP, and E3, which were used for the triple scan test in the second trimester, were found in the archive of our hospital. Babies who had fetal anomalies, pregnant women with gestational diabetes and hypertension, pregnant women who had chronical diseases, and those who smoked were excluded from the study.Results: In this study, the average birth weight of babies who were over 2 MoM for hCG 2963.75 g difference was found statistically meaningful. However, the birth weight of 2963.75 g was suitable to 10%-50%. When the average birth weight of the babies who...

The President's Executive Orders expressing their individual action face many problems in terms of judicial review. Some of these problems' relationship between Presidential Decrees and President's Executive Orders and passthrough between these actions. After the new government system, President's Executive Orders became even more important. Therefore, it is necessary to address the theoretical and practical problems and Constitutional arrangements of The President's Executive Orders. In this study, the legal nature of The President's Executive Orders has been revealed. The President's Executive Orders are compared with other President's administrative act. President's administrative act were evaluated with before and after. The current situation of The President's Executive Orders is dealt with in this context. The current situation is discussed in the judicial review of The President's Executive Orders. Attention has been drawn to possible problems. Legal regulations that will facilitate judicial review have been pointed out and suggestions were made.