Current seminal studies on teacher creativity and teaching effectiveness have been widely investigated by numerous researchers. Most of them explored both variables (teacher creativity and effectiveness) from various aspects such as the perspectives of teachers, learners, and of gender but they failed to address one important variable, namely the influence of professional development background on these variables. Consequently, this study aims to analyse the influence of blended teacher professional training on teaching creativity and teaching effectiveness from the learners' perspective. A sample of 901 learners from various secondary schools in East Java province was randomly assigned to rate 120 EFL teachers using both the English language teaching creativity scale (ELT-CS) and the English language teaching effectiveness scale (ELT-ES). For this purpose, a validated and reliable five-point Likert scale of ELT-CS and ELT-ES (1 = totally disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = partially agree, 4 = agree and 5 = totally agree) has been employed. After administering the questionnaires, the data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicate a positive influence of blended professional training on EFL teachers' creativity and their teaching effectiveness. As for the indicators of teaching effectiveness and creativity, knowledge, subject matter, independent learning, learning environment, and material variables show the strongest influences. Conversely, fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration variables show the weakest influences. The detailed influences of each indicator from both variables were also elaborated on. Finally, recommendations for further research are presented.
This study focused on the impact of using the Zoom application on mobile phones by examining students' perceptions of speaking skills and their attitude during online learning. The students have 4 months of experience using the Zoom application. This research method used a survey design and collects data by giving 12 questionnaire items through Google form to students. The participants are elementary school students with 3 categories, namely grade 4, grade 5 and grade 6 at Ban Loeiwangsai school, Thailand. The findings of this study are that the strategic design of online learning on the use of the Zoom application has an impact on students performance in independent learning and managing time. This also has an impact on the ability and knowledge of students learning English especially in the speaking skill. Their academics are particularly affected by the use of the Zoom application during online learning.
The dominant complexities of English teaching in Indonesia are about limited development of teaching methods and materials which still cannot optimally reflect students' needs (in particular of how to acquire knowledge and select the most effective learning models). This research is to develop materials with complete task-based activities by using CALL at junior high school in Indonesia. In order to entirely develop comprehensive materials, the first step is to do need analysis especially identifying task based learning model which fulfils students' expectation, creates and develops pre task and task cycle (consisting of task, planning, and reporting) into CALL integration of learning module. The results of the students' needs show that they like to have appropriate materials for their level, related to real life, variety of media and sources of learning chiefly incorporated to computer which optimizes interactive, contextual, and authentic materials. Therefore, the design of its prototype consists of three main steps. First, pre-task activity, it is designed in observing and questioning stage which is done by providing English comics with thematic situations. Second, main task activities, it is designed in exploring and associating stage which are done by presenting real life situations by utilizing videos, songs, and stories which elaborate exercises, role play, and discussion sections. Finally, post task activity, it is designed in communicating stage and it is intended to provide follow-up activities in wider contexts. The evaluation of the final product is done by validating the materials by means of a group discussion with English teachers.
Teachers' creativity becomes a perpetual issue in an educational setting. This study aimed to investigate the influence of teachers' creativity on learners' learning involvement between English for specific purposes (ES), teachers' creativity toward ESP learners' learning involvement and to seek whether there was any significant difference between male and female ESP teachers' creativity to enhance ESP learners' learning involvement. A sample of 435 ESP learners was randomly assigned and was rated both using learners' involvement survey (L-IS) from National Survey of Students Engagement (NSEE) checklist and teaching creativity scale (ELT-CS) of the teachers teaching creativity. With this objective, validated and reliable scale of assessing creativity and involvement were employed. After administering the questionnaires, the data were then analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings showed that all five parameters of creativity had a significant correlation with learners' involvement. The latent variable and supporting indicators of involvement were identified. The findings also asserted that female ESP teachers performed higher involvement scale than those males. Suggestion for a further researcher to investigate factors contributing to EFL learners' learning involvement in ESP class is worth pursuing.
An increasing number of researchers have adopted blended learning approaches for the purpose of EFL teachers' professional development. Current empirical study has been sparse regarding the investigation of interaction quality. This study attempts to address those weaknesses, with the objectives of systematically identifying the quality of interactions in both blended and traditional contexts. A sample of 1000 EFL students from various secondary schools at a provincial level was randomly assigned to rate 120 EFL teachers who attend a year blended professional training program using an online (OLIQ) and traditional (TLIQ) learning interaction quality scales to draw the perceived interaction qualities. After distributing the questionnaires, the data were analysed by applying structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicated that the one-year blended teacher professional development program showed a significant influence on their traditional and online teaching interaction qualities. Student-Content (SC) dimension became the highest marker of interaction quality in online instruction settings, while Emotional Support (ES) became the highest marker of interaction quality in the traditional face-to-face instruction settings. Some practical recommendations in light of the findings are offered, such as in terms of online material development and online feedback and assessment.
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