PENDAHULUANPeran perempuan dalam pembangunan ialah membedakan konsep jenis kelamin dengan konsep gender. Hal ini sangat esensial dalam menganalisis persoalan-persoalan ketidakadilan sosial yang menimpa perempuan, yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan gender (gender differences) dan ketidakadilan gender (gender inequalities) dalam struktur masyarakat.Hasil Susenas Tahun 1997 menunjukkan bahwa dari 198,68 juta jiwa penduduk Indonesia yang 53,06 persen diantaranya tinggal di pedesaan dengan lapangan pekerjaan utamanya di bidang pertanian dan dari 63,56 persen jumlah tersebut diusahakan oleh wanita tani sedangkan sisanya dilakukan oleh pria

[UTILIZATION OF MICROBE TO INCREASE GROWTH AND YIELDS OF SOYBEAN IN COASTAL LAND. This study aims to obtain the right combination of varieties and biofertilizers to increase soybean productivity on Bengkulu coastal land. The research was conducted from March to July 2017, located in Beringin Raya Village, Muara Bangkahulu Sub-District, Bengkulu. The study was conducted with a split-plot design which was repeated three times. The main plot is two soybean varieties (Grobogan and Wilis). The subplots are two types of biological fertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and phosphate solvent fungi. The results showed that the results of the seed weight of the Grobogan variety (equivalent to 3.38 tons/ha) were significantly higher than the Wilis variety (equivalent to 2.72 tons/ha). However, the Wilis variety showed an increase in seed weight (equivalent to 1.12 tons/ha) higher than the Grobogan variety (equivalent to 0.61 tons/ha) according to the description of each variety. The combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solvent fungi showed superior performance than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer or phosphate solvent fungi. The interaction of Grobogan varieties with a combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solvent fungi produced the highest seed weight (equivalent to 3.52 tons/ha) which was statistically similar to the interaction of Grobogan varieties and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (equivalent to 3.45 tons/ha). The economics of resources using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are not required to be combined with phosphate solvent fungi.

Pepper plants that grow in coastal areas facing a multiple stress i.e high temperatures, strong winds, drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. Cultivation of plants in coastal areas requires specific technology, but cheap and environmentally friendly.Socialization, training, and mentoring implemented to improve the ability of farmers to implement the cultivation of high yielded chillies in coastal areas. The methods implemented namely (1) socialization potential of coastal land for plant cultivation and the technology needed, (2) training production of biocompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculant, and (3) demoplot pepper cultivation in coastal lands. The activities carried out in the Desa Pekik Nyaring and Beringin Raya, Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu province. Demoplot arranged Split-split plot with a randomized block design Complete two-factor with the location, genotype chili and fertilizer as the main plot, subplot, and sub-sub plot. The results show that farmers can absorb the information and training well to produce biocompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inculant. Desa Beringin Raya is more potential for pepper cultivation compared Desa Pekik Nyaring. Better technology need to be formulated to pepper cultivation in that village.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country, having vast coastal areas which have not been utilized optimally for crop cultivation because their poor soil properties become a limiting factor for plant growth. It is, therefore, necessary to use cultivation technology, such as the use of biofertilizers to overcome this limiting factor. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate biofertilizers for improving the quality of soybean seeds, the rhizosphere environment, and the soybean yield in a coastal area. The study was conducted in Bengkulu, Indonesia, using Randomized Complete Block Design, with a single factor, namely biofertilizers. Six treatments were applied, namely the addition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF), Rhizobium (R), AMF+PSF, R+AMF, and R+PSF. The results of this study showed that, in general, the inoculation of biofertilizers could increase the yield of soybeans in the coastal area, as indicated by the higher yield of plants in this study than those as described in the literature. The dual inoculation of PSF+AMF resulted in the highest protein content, the largest populations of PSF and AMF, the highest percentage of root colonization of AMF, plant phosphorus concentration and absorption, the weight of seeds per plant and yield. Meanwhile, the highest fat content of seed was found in the plants inoculated with PSF. In coastal soil, the dual application of biofertilizers, namely PSF and AMF, should be done, instead of a single application. Further studies are needed to increase the protein content and to reduce the fat content of soybean seeds.

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