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Objective The apoptotic signaling pathway is obviously disordered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Natural IgM (nIgM) is important in clearing apoptotic cells and preventing them from triggering deleterious autoimmunity. B-1-and innate-like B-(ILBs) cells are the main nIgM producers. Human CD27+IgD+B cells (un-switched memory B cells) are considered ILBs. However, their functional properties in SLE remain unde ned.Methods Peripheral blood samples of 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy control were collected, and twelve SLE patients were assessed in a follow-up study. The amounts of CD27 + IgD + B cell was analyzed by ow cytometry. The IgM and IL-10 levels of CD27 + IgD + B cell were assessed by ELISPOT and qRT-PCR. SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, USA) was employed for data analysis. P<0.05 indicated statistical signi cance.Result 92.0% were females, 17-67 years. CD27 + IgD + B cell amounts are signi cantly decreased in SLE patients than healthy control (p<0.01). CD27 + IgD + B cell amounts were positively correlated with WBC(r=0.337, p=0.017), platelet count(r=0.396, p=0.004) and serum C3 levels(r=0.415, p=0.003), CD27 + IgD + B cell amounts showed negative correlations with serum creatinine levels(r=-0.285, p=0.045), SLEDAI(r=-0.724, p=0.000), anti-dsDNA(r=-0.477, p=0.000) and CRP(r=-0.398,p=0.004). The IgM and IL-10 levels of CD27 + IgD + B in SLE were decreased than healthy control (p<0.001), moreover CD27 + IgD + B cells are increased in SLE cases after treatment in SLE patients than before treatment(p<0.001). Conclusion CD27 + IgD + B cell amounts are signi cantly decreased and it was correlated with clinical and immunological features in SLE patients. CD27 + IgD + B cells had impaired function regarding IgM and IL-10 production in SLE, however, CD27 + IgD + B cells amounts are recovered in SLE cases with treatment-related disease remission.

Background To evaluate the efficacy of overminus lenses combined with prism spectacles in children of 3 to 6 years of age with intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods Sixty patients with IXT were randomly assigned to the treatment and observation groups. Each group included 30 IXT children aged 3 to 6 years. The treatment group was prescribed overminus lenses of − 2.50 D incorporated with the 2 PD base-in prisms on each side. Ocular alignment, the status of binocular vision, as well as the refraction changes were carried out and followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. A revised form of the Newcastle Control Score (NCS) was used to evaluate the patients’ ability to control their IXT. Results After 12 months, the mean refractive error was 1.42 ± 1.25 D, and 1.43 ± 1.12 D for the observation and the treatment group, respectively (95% CI: − 0.61 to 0.62)); the mean exotropia control score was 5.72 ± 1.28 and 1.75 ± 1.18 in the observation and the treatment group, respectively (95% CI: − 4.63 to − 3.33); the mean near stereoacuity was 2.16 ± 0.42 log arcsec and 1.91 ± 0.26 log arcsec in the observation and the treatment group, respectively (95% CI: − 0.44 to − 0.06). Conclusions In our randomized clinical trial, overminus spectacles with prism significantly improved the control of IXT and stereopsis, by reducing the angle of strabismus in children with IXT. This treatment does not appear to cause myopia, at least in the manner used this series. A further randomized trial is warranted to assess the effect of overminus spectacles with prism after the treatment has been discontinued. Trial registration This study adheres to CONSORT 2010 guidelines. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900025243. Registered 17 August 2019.