The high cross-resistance to the organophosphate dichlorvos in the chlorpyrifos-resistant strain suggests that other non-organophosphate insecticides would be necessary to counter resistance, should it arise in the field. Enhanced activities of carboxylesterase and the acetylcholinesterase insensitivity appear to be important mechanisms for chlorpyrifos resistance in L. striatellus.

Multiple overexpressed P450 genes were potentially associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance, as confirmed by the RNA interference (RNAi) assay. Our findings suggested that metabolic resistance to chlorantraniliprole might be mediated by P450s. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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