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This study focused on demonstrating the intermolecular interactions between β-cyclodextrin and water, with the aim to better understand the transfer of small molecules to β-cyclodextrin.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) adsorption on a promising nitrogen-doped biochar at constant temperature and isopiestic pressure. The biochar was prepared as a CO 2 adsorbent based on catalytic pyrolysis of pristine coconut shells using urea as the nitrogen source and moderate temperature ionic liquid as a catalyst.The results showed that CO 2 adsorption on the biochar was a spontaneous, dominantly physical, exothermic, and entropy decrement process that could be well described by the slip model and the dual-site Langmuir model. Those thermodynamic parameters, including interface potential, exhibited a series of interesting tendencies with the changes in adsorption temperature and pressure. Under the conditions of 273 K and 100 kPa, the adsorption capacity and the interface potential were 4.6 mmol/g and À16.7 J/g, respectively. And the site energy ranged from 2.57 to 5.13 kJ/mol in the test conditions, which became narrow with increasing temperature. The temperature exhibited positive effects on interface potential, enthalpy change, entropy change, enthalpy change, internal energy change but negative effects on adsorption capacity, Gibbs free energy change, and Helmholtz free energy change. Interestingly, the pressure exhibited the opposite effect trends. The peak pressure with maximum temperature effect at a given temperature and the peak temperature with maximum pressure effect at a given pressure were found to exist for some thermodynamic parameters. These exhibited a different but significantly beneficial perspective to understand the mass and energy transfer during CO 2 adsorption on the biochar at constant temperature and isopiestic pressure, which have rarely been reported before.

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